resourceloader: Add $modules parameter to makeVersionQuery()

The 'version' and 'modules' parameters are a somewhat problematic
part of the ResourceLoaderContext object as we often pass around
the context but may be dealing with only a subset of the modules
in the outer request, or even entirely different ones (e.g.
for OutputPage's fake context 'modules' and 'version' are both
null).

This is already visible in ClientHtml where we create a derivative
context just to call setModules() and have makeVersionQuery()
work. This is now fixed.

This change is in preparation for use in ResourceLoaderImage
(to fix T233343) where we'll need to compute a version for only
1 module of a larger set, and ideally without needing to create
another context.

Bug: T233343
Change-Id: Icc1a4fd1f58c4e49e58eee43ca4ba2de6cfffc76