includes/cache/BacklinkCache.php

   1 <?php
   2 /**
   3  * Class for fetching backlink lists, approximate backlink counts and
   4  * partitions.
   5  *
   6  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   7  * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   8  * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
   9  * (at your option) any later version.
  10  *
  11  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  12  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  13  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
  14  * GNU General Public License for more details.
  15  *
  16  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
  17  * with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
  18  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
  19  * http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html
  20  *
  21  * @file
  22  * @author Tim Starling
  23  * @author Aaron Schulz
  24  * @copyright © 2009, Tim Starling, Domas Mituzas
  25  * @copyright © 2010, Max Sem
  26  * @copyright © 2011, Antoine Musso
  27  */
  28
  29 /**
  30  * Class for fetching backlink lists, approximate backlink counts and
  31  * partitions. This is a shared cache.
  32  *
  33  * Instances of this class should typically be fetched with the method
  34  * $title->getBacklinkCache().
  35  *
  36  * Ideally you should only get your backlinks from here when you think
  37  * there is some advantage in caching them. Otherwise it's just a waste
  38  * of memory.
  39  *
  40  * Introduced by r47317
  41  */
  42 class BacklinkCache {
  43         /** @var ProcessCacheLRU */
  44         protected static $cache;
  45
  46         /**
  47          * Multi dimensions array representing batches. Keys are:
  48          *  > (string) links table name
  49          *   > (int) batch size
  50          *    > 'numRows' : Number of rows for this link table
  51          *    > 'batches' : array( $start, $end )
  52          *
  53          * @see BacklinkCache::partitionResult()
  54          *
  55          * Cleared with BacklinkCache::clear()
  56          * @var array[]
  57          */
  58         protected $partitionCache = array();
  59
  60         /**
  61          * Contains the whole links from a database result.
  62          * This is raw data that will be partitioned in $partitionCache
  63          *
  64          * Initialized with BacklinkCache::getLinks()
  65          * Cleared with BacklinkCache::clear()
  66          * @var ResultWrapper[]
  67          */
  68         protected $fullResultCache = array();
  69
  70         /**
  71          * Local copy of a database object.
  72          *
  73          * Accessor: BacklinkCache::getDB()
  74          * Mutator : BacklinkCache::setDB()
  75          * Cleared with BacklinkCache::clear()
  76          */
  77         protected $db;
  78
  79         /**
  80          * Local copy of a Title object
  81          */
  82         protected $title;
  83
  84         const CACHE_EXPIRY = 3600;
  85
  86         /**
  87          * Create a new BacklinkCache
  88          *
  89          * @param Title $title : Title object to create a backlink cache for
  90          */
  91         public function __construct( Title $title ) {
  92                 $this->title = $title;
  93         }
  94
  95         /**
  96          * Create a new BacklinkCache or reuse any existing one.
  97          * Currently, only one cache instance can exist; callers that
  98          * need multiple backlink cache objects should keep them in scope.
  99          *
 100          * @param Title $title Title object to get a backlink cache for
 101          * @return BacklinkCache
 102          */
 103         public static function get( Title $title ) {
 104                 if ( !self::$cache ) { // init cache
 105                         self::$cache = new ProcessCacheLRU( 1 );
 106                 }
 107                 $dbKey = $title->getPrefixedDBkey();
 108                 if ( !self::$cache->has( $dbKey, 'obj', 3600 ) ) {
 109                         self::$cache->set( $dbKey, 'obj', new self( $title ) );
 110                 }
 111
 112                 return self::$cache->get( $dbKey, 'obj' );
 113         }
 114
 115         /**
 116          * Serialization handler, diasallows to serialize the database to prevent
 117          * failures after this class is deserialized from cache with dead DB
 118          * connection.
 119          *
 120          * @return array
 121          */
 122         function __sleep() {
 123                 return array( 'partitionCache', 'fullResultCache', 'title' );
 124         }
 125
 126         /**
 127          * Clear locally stored data and database object.
 128          */
 129         public function clear() {
 130                 $this->partitionCache = array();
 131                 $this->fullResultCache = array();
 132                 unset( $this->db );
 133         }
 134
 135         /**
 136          * Set the Database object to use
 137          *
 138          * @param IDatabase $db
 139          */
 140         public function setDB( $db ) {
 141                 $this->db = $db;
 142         }
 143
 144         /**
 145          * Get the slave connection to the database
 146          * When non existing, will initialize the connection.
 147          * @return DatabaseBase
 148          */
 149         protected function getDB() {
 150                 if ( !isset( $this->db ) ) {
 151                         $this->db = wfGetDB( DB_SLAVE );
 152                 }
 153
 154                 return $this->db;
 155         }
 156
 157         /**
 158          * Get the backlinks for a given table. Cached in process memory only.
 159          * @param string $table
 160          * @param int|bool $startId
 161          * @param int|bool $endId
 162          * @param int $max
 163          * @return TitleArrayFromResult
 164          */
 165         public function getLinks( $table, $startId = false, $endId = false, $max = INF ) {
 166                 return TitleArray::newFromResult( $this->queryLinks( $table, $startId, $endId, $max ) );
 167         }
 168
 169         /**
 170          * Get the backlinks for a given table. Cached in process memory only.
 171          * @param string $table
 172          * @param int|bool $startId
 173          * @param int|bool $endId
 174          * @param int $max
 175          * @param string $select 'all' or 'ids'
 176          * @return ResultWrapper
 177          */
 178         protected function queryLinks( $table, $startId, $endId, $max, $select = 'all' ) {
 179
 180                 $fromField = $this->getPrefix( $table ) . '_from';
 181
 182                 if ( !$startId && !$endId && is_infinite( $max )
 183                         && isset( $this->fullResultCache[$table] )
 184                 ) {
 185                         wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": got results from cache\n" );
 186                         $res = $this->fullResultCache[$table];
 187                 } else {
 188                         wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": got results from DB\n" );
 189                         $conds = $this->getConditions( $table );
 190                         // Use the from field in the condition rather than the joined page_id,
 191                         // because databases are stupid and don't necessarily propagate indexes.
 192                         if ( $startId ) {
 193                                 $conds[] = "$fromField >= " . intval( $startId );
 194                         }
 195                         if ( $endId ) {
 196                                 $conds[] = "$fromField <= " . intval( $endId );
 197                         }
 198                         $options = array( 'ORDER BY' => $fromField );
 199                         if ( is_finite( $max ) && $max > 0 ) {
 200                                 $options['LIMIT'] = $max;
 201                         }
 202
 203                         if ( $select === 'ids' ) {
 204                                 // Just select from the backlink table and ignore the page JOIN
 205                                 $res = $this->getDB()->select(
 206                                         $table,
 207                                         array( $this->getPrefix( $table ) . '_from AS page_id' ),
 208                                         array_filter( $conds, function ( $clause ) { // kind of janky
 209                                                 return !preg_match( '/(\b|=)page_id(\b|=)/', $clause );
 210                                         } ),
 211                                         __METHOD__,
 212                                         $options
 213                                 );
 214                         } else {
 215                                 // Select from the backlink table and JOIN with page title information
 216                                 $res = $this->getDB()->select(
 217                                         array( $table, 'page' ),
 218                                         array( 'page_namespace', 'page_title', 'page_id' ),
 219                                         $conds,
 220                                         __METHOD__,
 221                                         array_merge( array( 'STRAIGHT_JOIN' ), $options )
 222                                 );
 223                         }
 224
 225                         if ( $select === 'all' && !$startId && !$endId && $res->numRows() < $max ) {
 226                                 // The full results fit within the limit, so cache them
 227                                 $this->fullResultCache[$table] = $res;
 228                         } else {
 229                                 wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": results from DB were uncacheable\n" );
 230                         }
 231                 }
 232
 233                 return $res;
 234         }
 235
 236         /**
 237          * Get the field name prefix for a given table
 238          * @param string $table
 239          * @throws MWException
 240          * @return null|string
 241          */
 242         protected function getPrefix( $table ) {
 243                 static $prefixes = array(
 244                         'pagelinks' => 'pl',
 245                         'imagelinks' => 'il',
 246                         'categorylinks' => 'cl',
 247                         'templatelinks' => 'tl',
 248                         'redirect' => 'rd',
 249                 );
 250
 251                 if ( isset( $prefixes[$table] ) ) {
 252                         return $prefixes[$table];
 253                 } else {
 254                         $prefix = null;
 255                         Hooks::run( 'BacklinkCacheGetPrefix', array( $table, &$prefix ) );
 256                         if ( $prefix ) {
 257                                 return $prefix;
 258                         } else {
 259                                 throw new MWException( "Invalid table \"$table\" in " . __CLASS__ );
 260                         }
 261                 }
 262         }
 263
 264         /**
 265          * Get the SQL condition array for selecting backlinks, with a join
 266          * on the page table.
 267          * @param string $table
 268          * @throws MWException
 269          * @return array|null
 270          */
 271         protected function getConditions( $table ) {
 272                 $prefix = $this->getPrefix( $table );
 273
 274                 switch ( $table ) {
 275                         case 'pagelinks':
 276                         case 'templatelinks':
 277                                 $conds = array(
 278                                         "{$prefix}_namespace" => $this->title->getNamespace(),
 279                                         "{$prefix}_title" => $this->title->getDBkey(),
 280                                         "page_id={$prefix}_from"
 281                                 );
 282                                 break;
 283                         case 'redirect':
 284                                 $conds = array(
 285                                         "{$prefix}_namespace" => $this->title->getNamespace(),
 286                                         "{$prefix}_title" => $this->title->getDBkey(),
 287                                         $this->getDb()->makeList( array(
 288                                                 "{$prefix}_interwiki" => '',
 289                                                 "{$prefix}_interwiki IS NULL",
 290                                         ), LIST_OR ),
 291                                         "page_id={$prefix}_from"
 292                                 );
 293                                 break;
 294                         case 'imagelinks':
 295                         case 'categorylinks':
 296                                 $conds = array(
 297                                         "{$prefix}_to" => $this->title->getDBkey(),
 298                                         "page_id={$prefix}_from"
 299                                 );
 300                                 break;
 301                         default:
 302                                 $conds = null;
 303                                 Hooks::run( 'BacklinkCacheGetConditions', array( $table, $this->title, &$conds ) );
 304                                 if ( !$conds ) {
 305                                         throw new MWException( "Invalid table \"$table\" in " . __CLASS__ );
 306                                 }
 307                 }
 308
 309                 return $conds;
 310         }
 311
 312         /**
 313          * Check if there are any backlinks
 314          * @param string $table
 315          * @return bool
 316          */
 317         public function hasLinks( $table ) {
 318                 return ( $this->getNumLinks( $table, 1 ) > 0 );
 319         }
 320
 321         /**
 322          * Get the approximate number of backlinks
 323          * @param string $table
 324          * @param int $max Only count up to this many backlinks
 325          * @return int
 326          */
 327         public function getNumLinks( $table, $max = INF ) {
 328                 global $wgUpdateRowsPerJob;
 329
 330                 $cache = ObjectCache::getMainWANInstance();
 331                 // 1) try partition cache ...
 332                 if ( isset( $this->partitionCache[$table] ) ) {
 333                         $entry = reset( $this->partitionCache[$table] );
 334
 335                         return min( $max, $entry['numRows'] );
 336                 }
 337
 338                 // 2) ... then try full result cache ...
 339                 if ( isset( $this->fullResultCache[$table] ) ) {
 340                         return min( $max, $this->fullResultCache[$table]->numRows() );
 341                 }
 342
 343                 $memcKey = wfMemcKey( 'numbacklinks', md5( $this->title->getPrefixedDBkey() ), $table );
 344
 345                 // 3) ... fallback to memcached ...
 346                 $count = $cache->get( $memcKey );
 347                 if ( $count ) {
 348                         return min( $max, $count );
 349                 }
 350
 351                 // 4) fetch from the database ...
 352                 if ( is_infinite( $max ) ) { // no limit at all
 353                         // Use partition() since it will batch the query and skip the JOIN.
 354                         // Use $wgUpdateRowsPerJob just to encourage cache reuse for jobs.
 355                         $this->partition( $table, $wgUpdateRowsPerJob ); // updates $this->partitionCache
 356                         return $this->partitionCache[$table][$wgUpdateRowsPerJob]['numRows'];
 357                 } else { // probably some sane limit
 358                         // Fetch the full title info, since the caller will likely need it next
 359                         $count = $this->getLinks( $table, false, false, $max )->count();
 360                         if ( $count < $max ) { // full count
 361                                 $cache->set( $memcKey, $count, self::CACHE_EXPIRY );
 362                         }
 363                 }
 364
 365                 return min( $max, $count );
 366         }
 367
 368         /**
 369          * Partition the backlinks into batches.
 370          * Returns an array giving the start and end of each range. The first
 371          * batch has a start of false, and the last batch has an end of false.
 372          *
 373          * @param string $table The links table name
 374          * @param int $batchSize
 375          * @return array
 376          */
 377         public function partition( $table, $batchSize ) {
 378                 // 1) try partition cache ...
 379                 if ( isset( $this->partitionCache[$table][$batchSize] ) ) {
 380                         wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": got from partition cache\n" );
 381
 382                         return $this->partitionCache[$table][$batchSize]['batches'];
 383                 }
 384
 385                 $cache = ObjectCache::getMainWANInstance();
 386                 $this->partitionCache[$table][$batchSize] = false;
 387                 $cacheEntry =& $this->partitionCache[$table][$batchSize];
 388
 389                 // 2) ... then try full result cache ...
 390                 if ( isset( $this->fullResultCache[$table] ) ) {
 391                         $cacheEntry = $this->partitionResult( $this->fullResultCache[$table], $batchSize );
 392                         wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": got from full result cache\n" );
 393
 394                         return $cacheEntry['batches'];
 395                 }
 396
 397                 $memcKey = wfMemcKey(
 398                         'backlinks',
 399                         md5( $this->title->getPrefixedDBkey() ),
 400                         $table,
 401                         $batchSize
 402                 );
 403
 404                 // 3) ... fallback to memcached ...
 405                 $memcValue = $cache->get( $memcKey );
 406                 if ( is_array( $memcValue ) ) {
 407                         $cacheEntry = $memcValue;
 408                         wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": got from memcached $memcKey\n" );
 409
 410                         return $cacheEntry['batches'];
 411                 }
 412
 413                 // 4) ... finally fetch from the slow database :(
 414                 $cacheEntry = array( 'numRows' => 0, 'batches' => array() ); // final result
 415                 // Do the selects in batches to avoid client-side OOMs (bug 43452).
 416                 // Use a LIMIT that plays well with $batchSize to keep equal sized partitions.
 417                 $selectSize = max( $batchSize, 200000 - ( 200000 % $batchSize ) );
 418                 $start = false;
 419                 do {
 420                         $res = $this->queryLinks( $table, $start, false, $selectSize, 'ids' );
 421                         $partitions = $this->partitionResult( $res, $batchSize, false );
 422                         // Merge the link count and range partitions for this chunk
 423                         $cacheEntry['numRows'] += $partitions['numRows'];
 424                         $cacheEntry['batches'] = array_merge( $cacheEntry['batches'], $partitions['batches'] );
 425                         if ( count( $partitions['batches'] ) ) {
 426                                 list( , $lEnd ) = end( $partitions['batches'] );
 427                                 $start = $lEnd + 1; // pick up after this inclusive range
 428                         }
 429                 } while ( $partitions['numRows'] >= $selectSize );
 430                 // Make sure the first range has start=false and the last one has end=false
 431                 if ( count( $cacheEntry['batches'] ) ) {
 432                         $cacheEntry['batches'][0][0] = false;
 433                         $cacheEntry['batches'][count( $cacheEntry['batches'] ) - 1][1] = false;
 434                 }
 435
 436                 // Save partitions to memcached
 437                 $cache->set( $memcKey, $cacheEntry, self::CACHE_EXPIRY );
 438
 439                 // Save backlink count to memcached
 440                 $memcKey = wfMemcKey( 'numbacklinks', md5( $this->title->getPrefixedDBkey() ), $table );
 441                 $cache->set( $memcKey, $cacheEntry['numRows'], self::CACHE_EXPIRY );
 442
 443                 wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": got from database\n" );
 444
 445                 return $cacheEntry['batches'];
 446         }
 447
 448         /**
 449          * Partition a DB result with backlinks in it into batches
 450          * @param ResultWrapper $res Database result
 451          * @param int $batchSize
 452          * @param bool $isComplete Whether $res includes all the backlinks
 453          * @throws MWException
 454          * @return array
 455          */
 456         protected function partitionResult( $res, $batchSize, $isComplete = true ) {
 457                 $batches = array();
 458                 $numRows = $res->numRows();
 459                 $numBatches = ceil( $numRows / $batchSize );
 460
 461                 for ( $i = 0; $i < $numBatches; $i++ ) {
 462                         if ( $i == 0 && $isComplete ) {
 463                                 $start = false;
 464                         } else {
 465                                 $rowNum = $i * $batchSize;
 466                                 $res->seek( $rowNum );
 467                                 $row = $res->fetchObject();
 468                                 $start = (int)$row->page_id;
 469                         }
 470
 471                         if ( $i == ( $numBatches - 1 ) && $isComplete ) {
 472                                 $end = false;
 473                         } else {
 474                                 $rowNum = min( $numRows - 1, ( $i + 1 ) * $batchSize - 1 );
 475                                 $res->seek( $rowNum );
 476                                 $row = $res->fetchObject();
 477                                 $end = (int)$row->page_id;
 478                         }
 479
 480                         # Sanity check order
 481                         if ( $start && $end && $start > $end ) {
 482                                 throw new MWException( __METHOD__ . ': Internal error: query result out of order' );
 483                         }
 484
 485                         $batches[] = array( $start, $end );
 486                 }
 487
 488                 return array( 'numRows' => $numRows, 'batches' => $batches );
 489         }
 490
 491         /**
 492          * Get a Title iterator for cascade-protected template/file use backlinks
 493          *
 494          * @return TitleArray
 495          * @since 1.25
 496          */
 497         public function getCascadeProtectedLinks() {
 498                 $dbr = $this->getDB();
 499
 500                 // @todo: use UNION without breaking tests that use temp tables
 501                 $resSets = array();
 502                 $resSets[] = $dbr->select(
 503                         array( 'templatelinks', 'page_restrictions', 'page' ),
 504                         array( 'page_namespace', 'page_title', 'page_id' ),
 505                         array(
 506                                 'tl_namespace' => $this->title->getNamespace(),
 507                                 'tl_title' => $this->title->getDBkey(),
 508                                 'tl_from = pr_page',
 509                                 'pr_cascade' => 1,
 510                                 'page_id = tl_from'
 511                         ),
 512                         __METHOD__,
 513                         array( 'DISTINCT' )
 514                 );
 515                 if ( $this->title->getNamespace() == NS_FILE ) {
 516                         $resSets[] = $dbr->select(
 517                                 array( 'imagelinks', 'page_restrictions', 'page' ),
 518                                 array( 'page_namespace', 'page_title', 'page_id' ),
 519                                 array(
 520                                         'il_to' => $this->title->getDBkey(),
 521                                         'il_from = pr_page',
 522                                         'pr_cascade' => 1,
 523                                         'page_id = il_from'
 524                                 ),
 525                                 __METHOD__,
 526                                 array( 'DISTINCT' )
 527                         );
 528                 }
 529
 530                 // Combine and de-duplicate the results
 531                 $mergedRes = array();
 532                 foreach ( $resSets as $res ) {
 533                         foreach ( $res as $row ) {
 534                                 $mergedRes[$row->page_id] = $row;
 535                         }
 536                 }
 537
 538                 return TitleArray::newFromResult(
 539                         new FakeResultWrapper( array_values( $mergedRes ) ) );
 540         }
 541 }