Merge "Revert "Use display name in category page subheadings if provided""

[lhc/web/wiklou.git] / includes / api / ApiBase.php

<?php
/**
 *
 *
 * Created on Sep 5, 2006
 *
 * Copyright © 2006, 2010 Yuri Astrakhan "<Firstname><Lastname>@gmail.com"
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
 * with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
 * http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html
 *
 * @file
 */

/**
 * This abstract class implements many basic API functions, and is the base of
 * all API classes.
 * The class functions are divided into several areas of functionality:
 *
 * Module parameters: Derived classes can define getAllowedParams() to specify
 *    which parameters to expect, how to parse and validate them.
 *
 * Self-documentation: code to allow the API to document its own state
 *
 * @ingroup API
 */
abstract class ApiBase extends ContextSource {

        /**
         * @name Constants for ::getAllowedParams() arrays
         * These constants are keys in the arrays returned by ::getAllowedParams()
         * and accepted by ::getParameterFromSettings() that define how the
         * parameters coming in from the request are to be interpreted.
         * @{
         */

        /** (null|boolean|integer|string) Default value of the parameter. */
        const PARAM_DFLT = 0;

        /** (boolean) Accept multiple pipe-separated values for this parameter (e.g. titles)? */
        const PARAM_ISMULTI = 1;

        /**
         * (string|string[]) Either an array of allowed value strings, or a string
         * type as described below. If not specified, will be determined from the
         * type of PARAM_DFLT.
         *
         * Supported string types are:
         * - boolean: A boolean parameter, returned as false if the parameter is
         *   omitted and true if present (even with a falsey value, i.e. it works
         *   like HTML checkboxes). PARAM_DFLT must be boolean false, if specified.
         *   Cannot be used with PARAM_ISMULTI.
         * - integer: An integer value. See also PARAM_MIN, PARAM_MAX, and
         *   PARAM_RANGE_ENFORCE.
         * - limit: An integer or the string 'max'. Default lower limit is 0 (but
         *   see PARAM_MIN), and requires that PARAM_MAX and PARAM_MAX2 be
         *   specified. Cannot be used with PARAM_ISMULTI.
         * - namespace: An integer representing a MediaWiki namespace.
         * - NULL: Any string.
         * - password: Any non-empty string. Input value is private or sensitive.
         *   <input type="password"> would be an appropriate HTML form field.
         * - string: Any non-empty string, not expected to be very long or contain newlines.
         *   <input type="text"> would be an appropriate HTML form field.
         * - submodule: The name of a submodule of this module, see PARAM_SUBMODULE_MAP.
         * - tags: A string naming an existing, explicitly-defined tag. Should usually be
         *   used with PARAM_ISMULTI.
         * - text: Any non-empty string, expected to be very long or contain newlines.
         *   <textarea> would be an appropriate HTML form field.
         * - timestamp: A timestamp in any format recognized by MWTimestamp, or the
         *   string 'now' representing the current timestamp. Will be returned in
         *   TS_MW format.
         * - user: A MediaWiki username or IP. Will be returned normalized but not canonicalized.
         * - upload: An uploaded file. Will be returned as a WebRequestUpload object.
         *   Cannot be used with PARAM_ISMULTI.
         */
        const PARAM_TYPE = 2;

        /** (integer) Max value allowed for the parameter, for PARAM_TYPE 'integer' and 'limit'. */
        const PARAM_MAX = 3;

        /**
         * (integer) Max value allowed for the parameter for users with the
         * apihighlimits right, for PARAM_TYPE 'limit'.
         */
        const PARAM_MAX2 = 4;

        /** (integer) Lowest value allowed for the parameter, for PARAM_TYPE 'integer' and 'limit'. */
        const PARAM_MIN = 5;

        /** (boolean) Allow the same value to be set more than once when PARAM_ISMULTI is true? */
        const PARAM_ALLOW_DUPLICATES = 6;

        /** (boolean) Is the parameter deprecated (will show a warning)? */
        const PARAM_DEPRECATED = 7;

        /**
         * (boolean) Is the parameter required?
         * @since 1.17
         */
        const PARAM_REQUIRED = 8;

        /**
         * (boolean) For PARAM_TYPE 'integer', enforce PARAM_MIN and PARAM_MAX?
         * @since 1.17
         */
        const PARAM_RANGE_ENFORCE = 9;

        /**
         * (string|array|Message) Specify an alternative i18n documentation message
         * for this parameter. Default is apihelp-{$path}-param-{$param}.
         * @since 1.25
         */
        const PARAM_HELP_MSG = 10;

        /**
         * ((string|array|Message)[]) Specify additional i18n messages to append to
         * the normal message for this parameter.
         * @since 1.25
         */
        const PARAM_HELP_MSG_APPEND = 11;

        /**
         * (array) Specify additional information tags for the parameter. Value is
         * an array of arrays, with the first member being the 'tag' for the info
         * and the remaining members being the values. In the help, this is
         * formatted using apihelp-{$path}-paraminfo-{$tag}, which is passed
         * $1 = count, $2 = comma-joined list of values, $3 = module prefix.
         * @since 1.25
         */
        const PARAM_HELP_MSG_INFO = 12;

        /**
         * (string[]) When PARAM_TYPE is an array, this may be an array mapping
         * those values to page titles which will be linked in the help.
         * @since 1.25
         */
        const PARAM_VALUE_LINKS = 13;

        /**
         * ((string|array|Message)[]) When PARAM_TYPE is an array, this is an array
         * mapping those values to $msg for ApiBase::makeMessage(). Any value not
         * having a mapping will use apihelp-{$path}-paramvalue-{$param}-{$value}.
         * @since 1.25
         */
        const PARAM_HELP_MSG_PER_VALUE = 14;

        /**
         * (string[]) When PARAM_TYPE is 'submodule', map parameter values to
         * submodule paths. Default is to use all modules in
         * $this->getModuleManager() in the group matching the parameter name.
         * @since 1.26
         */
        const PARAM_SUBMODULE_MAP = 15;

        /**
         * (string) When PARAM_TYPE is 'submodule', used to indicate the 'g' prefix
         * added by ApiQueryGeneratorBase (and similar if anything else ever does that).
         * @since 1.26
         */
        const PARAM_SUBMODULE_PARAM_PREFIX = 16;

        /**@}*/

        /** Fast query, standard limit. */
        const LIMIT_BIG1 = 500;
        /** Fast query, apihighlimits limit. */
        const LIMIT_BIG2 = 5000;
        /** Slow query, standard limit. */
        const LIMIT_SML1 = 50;
        /** Slow query, apihighlimits limit. */
        const LIMIT_SML2 = 500;

        /**
         * getAllowedParams() flag: When set, the result could take longer to generate,
         * but should be more thorough. E.g. get the list of generators for ApiSandBox extension
         * @since 1.21
         */
        const GET_VALUES_FOR_HELP = 1;

        /** @var array Maps extension paths to info arrays */
        private static $extensionInfo = null;

        /** @var ApiMain */
        private $mMainModule;
        /** @var string */
        private $mModuleName, $mModulePrefix;
        private $mSlaveDB = null;
        private $mParamCache = [];
        /** @var array|null|bool */
        private $mModuleSource = false;

        /**
         * @param ApiMain $mainModule
         * @param string $moduleName Name of this module
         * @param string $modulePrefix Prefix to use for parameter names
         */
        public function __construct( ApiMain $mainModule, $moduleName, $modulePrefix = '' ) {
                $this->mMainModule = $mainModule;
                $this->mModuleName = $moduleName;
                $this->mModulePrefix = $modulePrefix;

                if ( !$this->isMain() ) {
                        $this->setContext( $mainModule->getContext() );
                }
        }

        /************************************************************************//**
         * @name   Methods to implement
         * @{
         */

        /**
         * Evaluates the parameters, performs the requested query, and sets up
         * the result. Concrete implementations of ApiBase must override this
         * method to provide whatever functionality their module offers.
         * Implementations must not produce any output on their own and are not
         * expected to handle any errors.
         *
         * The execute() method will be invoked directly by ApiMain immediately
         * before the result of the module is output. Aside from the
         * constructor, implementations should assume that no other methods
         * will be called externally on the module before the result is
         * processed.
         *
         * The result data should be stored in the ApiResult object available
         * through getResult().
         */
        abstract public function execute();

        /**
         * Get the module manager, or null if this module has no sub-modules
         * @since 1.21
         * @return ApiModuleManager
         */
        public function getModuleManager() {
                return null;
        }

        /**
         * If the module may only be used with a certain format module,
         * it should override this method to return an instance of that formatter.
         * A value of null means the default format will be used.
         * @note Do not use this just because you don't want to support non-json
         * formats. This should be used only when there is a fundamental
         * requirement for a specific format.
         * @return mixed Instance of a derived class of ApiFormatBase, or null
         */
        public function getCustomPrinter() {
                return null;
        }

        /**
         * Returns usage examples for this module.
         *
         * Return value has query strings as keys, with values being either strings
         * (message key), arrays (message key + parameter), or Message objects.
         *
         * Do not call this base class implementation when overriding this method.
         *
         * @since 1.25
         * @return array
         */
        protected function getExamplesMessages() {
                // Fall back to old non-localised method
                $ret = [];

                $examples = $this->getExamples();
                if ( $examples ) {
                        if ( !is_array( $examples ) ) {
                                $examples = [ $examples ];
                        } elseif ( $examples && ( count( $examples ) & 1 ) == 0 &&
                                array_keys( $examples ) === range( 0, count( $examples ) - 1 ) &&
                                !preg_match( '/^\s*api\.php\?/', $examples[0] )
                        ) {
                                // Fix up the ugly "even numbered elements are description, odd
                                // numbered elemts are the link" format (see doc for self::getExamples)
                                $tmp = [];
                                $examplesCount = count( $examples );
                                for ( $i = 0; $i < $examplesCount; $i += 2 ) {
                                        $tmp[$examples[$i + 1]] = $examples[$i];
                                }
                                $examples = $tmp;
                        }

                        foreach ( $examples as $k => $v ) {
                                if ( is_numeric( $k ) ) {
                                        $qs = $v;
                                        $msg = '';
                                } else {
                                        $qs = $k;
                                        $msg = self::escapeWikiText( $v );
                                        if ( is_array( $msg ) ) {
                                                $msg = implode( ' ', $msg );
                                        }
                                }

                                $qs = preg_replace( '/^\s*api\.php\?/', '', $qs );
                                $ret[$qs] = $this->msg( 'api-help-fallback-example', [ $msg ] );
                        }
                }

                return $ret;
        }

        /**
         * Return links to more detailed help pages about the module.
         * @since 1.25, returning boolean false is deprecated
         * @return string|array
         */
        public function getHelpUrls() {
                return [];
        }

        /**
         * Returns an array of allowed parameters (parameter name) => (default
         * value) or (parameter name) => (array with PARAM_* constants as keys)
         * Don't call this function directly: use getFinalParams() to allow
         * hooks to modify parameters as needed.
         *
         * Some derived classes may choose to handle an integer $flags parameter
         * in the overriding methods. Callers of this method can pass zero or
         * more OR-ed flags like GET_VALUES_FOR_HELP.
         *
         * @return array
         */
        protected function getAllowedParams( /* $flags = 0 */ ) {
                // int $flags is not declared because it causes "Strict standards"
                // warning. Most derived classes do not implement it.
                return [];
        }

        /**
         * Indicates if this module needs maxlag to be checked
         * @return bool
         */
        public function shouldCheckMaxlag() {
                return true;
        }

        /**
         * Indicates whether this module requires read rights
         * @return bool
         */
        public function isReadMode() {
                return true;
        }

        /**
         * Indicates whether this module requires write mode
         * @return bool
         */
        public function isWriteMode() {
                return false;
        }

        /**
         * Indicates whether this module must be called with a POST request
         * @return bool
         */
        public function mustBePosted() {
                return $this->needsToken() !== false;
        }

        /**
         * Indicates whether this module is deprecated
         * @since 1.25
         * @return bool
         */
        public function isDeprecated() {
                return false;
        }

        /**
         * Indicates whether this module is "internal"
         * Internal API modules are not (yet) intended for 3rd party use and may be unstable.
         * @since 1.25
         * @return bool
         */
        public function isInternal() {
                return false;
        }

        /**
         * Returns the token type this module requires in order to execute.
         *
         * Modules are strongly encouraged to use the core 'csrf' type unless they
         * have specialized security needs. If the token type is not one of the
         * core types, you must use the ApiQueryTokensRegisterTypes hook to
         * register it.
         *
         * Returning a non-falsey value here will force the addition of an
         * appropriate 'token' parameter in self::getFinalParams(). Also,
         * self::mustBePosted() must return true when tokens are used.
         *
         * In previous versions of MediaWiki, true was a valid return value.
         * Returning true will generate errors indicating that the API module needs
         * updating.
         *
         * @return string|false
         */
        public function needsToken() {
                return false;
        }

        /**
         * Fetch the salt used in the Web UI corresponding to this module.
         *
         * Only override this if the Web UI uses a token with a non-constant salt.
         *
         * @since 1.24
         * @param array $params All supplied parameters for the module
         * @return string|array|null
         */
        protected function getWebUITokenSalt( array $params ) {
                return null;
        }

        /**
         * Returns data for HTTP conditional request mechanisms.
         *
         * @since 1.26
         * @param string $condition Condition being queried:
         *  - last-modified: Return a timestamp representing the maximum of the
         *    last-modified dates for all resources involved in the request. See
         *    RFC 7232 § 2.2 for semantics.
         *  - etag: Return an entity-tag representing the state of all resources involved
         *    in the request. Quotes must be included. See RFC 7232 § 2.3 for semantics.
         * @return string|bool|null As described above, or null if no value is available.
         */
        public function getConditionalRequestData( $condition ) {
                return null;
        }

        /**@}*/

        /************************************************************************//**
         * @name   Data access methods
         * @{
         */

        /**
         * Get the name of the module being executed by this instance
         * @return string
         */
        public function getModuleName() {
                return $this->mModuleName;
        }

        /**
         * Get parameter prefix (usually two letters or an empty string).
         * @return string
         */
        public function getModulePrefix() {
                return $this->mModulePrefix;
        }

        /**
         * Get the main module
         * @return ApiMain
         */
        public function getMain() {
                return $this->mMainModule;
        }

        /**
         * Returns true if this module is the main module ($this === $this->mMainModule),
         * false otherwise.
         * @return bool
         */
        public function isMain() {
                return $this === $this->mMainModule;
        }

        /**
         * Get the parent of this module
         * @since 1.25
         * @return ApiBase|null
         */
        public function getParent() {
                return $this->isMain() ? null : $this->getMain();
        }

        /**
         * Returns true if the current request breaks the same-origin policy.
         *
         * For example, json with callbacks.
         *
         * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same-origin_policy
         *
         * @since 1.25
         * @return bool
         */
        public function lacksSameOriginSecurity() {
                // Main module has this method overridden
                // Safety - avoid infinite loop:
                if ( $this->isMain() ) {
                        ApiBase::dieDebug( __METHOD__, 'base method was called on main module.' );
                }

                return $this->getMain()->lacksSameOriginSecurity();
        }

        /**
         * Get the path to this module
         *
         * @since 1.25
         * @return string
         */
        public function getModulePath() {
                if ( $this->isMain() ) {
                        return 'main';
                } elseif ( $this->getParent()->isMain() ) {
                        return $this->getModuleName();
                } else {
                        return $this->getParent()->getModulePath() . '+' . $this->getModuleName();
                }
        }

        /**
         * Get a module from its module path
         *
         * @since 1.25
         * @param string $path
         * @return ApiBase|null
         * @throws UsageException
         */
        public function getModuleFromPath( $path ) {
                $module = $this->getMain();
                if ( $path === 'main' ) {
                        return $module;
                }

                $parts = explode( '+', $path );
                if ( count( $parts ) === 1 ) {
                        // In case the '+' was typed into URL, it resolves as a space
                        $parts = explode( ' ', $path );
                }

                $count = count( $parts );
                for ( $i = 0; $i < $count; $i++ ) {
                        $parent = $module;
                        $manager = $parent->getModuleManager();
                        if ( $manager === null ) {
                                $errorPath = implode( '+', array_slice( $parts, 0, $i ) );
                                $this->dieUsage( "The module \"$errorPath\" has no submodules", 'badmodule' );
                        }
                        $module = $manager->getModule( $parts[$i] );

                        if ( $module === null ) {
                                $errorPath = $i ? implode( '+', array_slice( $parts, 0, $i ) ) : $parent->getModuleName();
                                $this->dieUsage(
                                        "The module \"$errorPath\" does not have a submodule \"{$parts[$i]}\"",
                                        'badmodule'
                                );
                        }
                }

                return $module;
        }

        /**
         * Get the result object
         * @return ApiResult
         */
        public function getResult() {
                // Main module has getResult() method overridden
                // Safety - avoid infinite loop:
                if ( $this->isMain() ) {
                        ApiBase::dieDebug( __METHOD__, 'base method was called on main module. ' );
                }

                return $this->getMain()->getResult();
        }

        /**
         * Get the error formatter
         * @return ApiErrorFormatter
         */
        public function getErrorFormatter() {
                // Main module has getErrorFormatter() method overridden
                // Safety - avoid infinite loop:
                if ( $this->isMain() ) {
                        ApiBase::dieDebug( __METHOD__, 'base method was called on main module. ' );
                }

                return $this->getMain()->getErrorFormatter();
        }

        /**
         * Gets a default replica DB connection object
         * @return Database
         */
        protected function getDB() {
                if ( !isset( $this->mSlaveDB ) ) {
                        $this->mSlaveDB = wfGetDB( DB_REPLICA, 'api' );
                }

                return $this->mSlaveDB;
        }

        /**
         * Get the continuation manager
         * @return ApiContinuationManager|null
         */
        public function getContinuationManager() {
                // Main module has getContinuationManager() method overridden
                // Safety - avoid infinite loop:
                if ( $this->isMain() ) {
                        ApiBase::dieDebug( __METHOD__, 'base method was called on main module. ' );
                }

                return $this->getMain()->getContinuationManager();
        }

        /**
         * Set the continuation manager
         * @param ApiContinuationManager|null
         */
        public function setContinuationManager( $manager ) {
                // Main module has setContinuationManager() method overridden
                // Safety - avoid infinite loop:
                if ( $this->isMain() ) {
                        ApiBase::dieDebug( __METHOD__, 'base method was called on main module. ' );
                }

                $this->getMain()->setContinuationManager( $manager );
        }

        /**@}*/

        /************************************************************************//**
         * @name   Parameter handling
         * @{
         */

        /**
         * Indicate if the module supports dynamically-determined parameters that
         * cannot be included in self::getAllowedParams().
         * @return string|array|Message|null Return null if the module does not
         *  support additional dynamic parameters, otherwise return a message
         *  describing them.
         */
        public function dynamicParameterDocumentation() {
                return null;
        }

        /**
         * This method mangles parameter name based on the prefix supplied to the constructor.
         * Override this method to change parameter name during runtime
         * @param string $paramName Parameter name
         * @return string Prefixed parameter name
         */
        public function encodeParamName( $paramName ) {
                return $this->mModulePrefix . $paramName;
        }

        /**
         * Using getAllowedParams(), this function makes an array of the values
         * provided by the user, with key being the name of the variable, and
         * value - validated value from user or default. limits will not be
         * parsed if $parseLimit is set to false; use this when the max
         * limit is not definitive yet, e.g. when getting revisions.
         * @param bool $parseLimit True by default
         * @return array
         */
        public function extractRequestParams( $parseLimit = true ) {
                // Cache parameters, for performance and to avoid bug 24564.
                if ( !isset( $this->mParamCache[$parseLimit] ) ) {
                        $params = $this->getFinalParams();
                        $results = [];

                        if ( $params ) { // getFinalParams() can return false
                                foreach ( $params as $paramName => $paramSettings ) {
                                        $results[$paramName] = $this->getParameterFromSettings(
                                                $paramName, $paramSettings, $parseLimit );
                                }
                        }
                        $this->mParamCache[$parseLimit] = $results;
                }

                return $this->mParamCache[$parseLimit];
        }

        /**
         * Get a value for the given parameter
         * @param string $paramName Parameter name
         * @param bool $parseLimit See extractRequestParams()
         * @return mixed Parameter value
         */
        protected function getParameter( $paramName, $parseLimit = true ) {
                $paramSettings = $this->getFinalParams()[$paramName];

                return $this->getParameterFromSettings( $paramName, $paramSettings, $parseLimit );
        }

        /**
         * Die if none or more than one of a certain set of parameters is set and not false.
         *
         * @param array $params User provided set of parameters, as from $this->extractRequestParams()
         * @param string $required,... Names of parameters of which exactly one must be set
         */
        public function requireOnlyOneParameter( $params, $required /*...*/ ) {
                $required = func_get_args();
                array_shift( $required );
                $p = $this->getModulePrefix();

                $intersection = array_intersect( array_keys( array_filter( $params,
                        [ $this, 'parameterNotEmpty' ] ) ), $required );

                if ( count( $intersection ) > 1 ) {
                        $this->dieUsage(
                                "The parameters {$p}" . implode( ", {$p}", $intersection ) . ' can not be used together',
                                'invalidparammix' );
                } elseif ( count( $intersection ) == 0 ) {
                        $this->dieUsage(
                                "One of the parameters {$p}" . implode( ", {$p}", $required ) . ' is required',
                                'missingparam'
                        );
                }
        }

        /**
         * Die if more than one of a certain set of parameters is set and not false.
         *
         * @param array $params User provided set of parameters, as from $this->extractRequestParams()
         * @param string $required,... Names of parameters of which at most one must be set
         */
        public function requireMaxOneParameter( $params, $required /*...*/ ) {
                $required = func_get_args();
                array_shift( $required );
                $p = $this->getModulePrefix();

                $intersection = array_intersect( array_keys( array_filter( $params,
                        [ $this, 'parameterNotEmpty' ] ) ), $required );

                if ( count( $intersection ) > 1 ) {
                        $this->dieUsage(
                                "The parameters {$p}" . implode( ", {$p}", $intersection ) . ' can not be used together',
                                'invalidparammix'
                        );
                }
        }

        /**
         * Die if none of a certain set of parameters is set and not false.
         *
         * @since 1.23
         * @param array $params User provided set of parameters, as from $this->extractRequestParams()
         * @param string $required,... Names of parameters of which at least one must be set
         */
        public function requireAtLeastOneParameter( $params, $required /*...*/ ) {
                $required = func_get_args();
                array_shift( $required );
                $p = $this->getModulePrefix();

                $intersection = array_intersect(
                        array_keys( array_filter( $params, [ $this, 'parameterNotEmpty' ] ) ),
                        $required
                );

                if ( count( $intersection ) == 0 ) {
                        $this->dieUsage( "At least one of the parameters {$p}" .
                                implode( ", {$p}", $required ) . ' is required', "{$p}missingparam" );
                }
        }

        /**
         * Die if any of the specified parameters were found in the query part of
         * the URL rather than the post body.
         * @since 1.28
         * @param string[] $params Parameters to check
         * @param string $prefix Set to 'noprefix' to skip calling $this->encodeParamName()
         */
        public function requirePostedParameters( $params, $prefix = 'prefix' ) {
                // Skip if $wgDebugAPI is set or we're in internal mode
                if ( $this->getConfig()->get( 'DebugAPI' ) || $this->getMain()->isInternalMode() ) {
                        return;
                }

                $queryValues = $this->getRequest()->getQueryValues();
                $badParams = [];
                foreach ( $params as $param ) {
                        if ( $prefix !== 'noprefix' ) {
                                $param = $this->encodeParamName( $param );
                        }
                        if ( array_key_exists( $param, $queryValues ) ) {
                                $badParams[] = $param;
                        }
                }

                if ( $badParams ) {
                        $this->dieUsage(
                                'The following parameters were found in the query string, but must be in the POST body: '
                                        . join( ', ', $badParams ),
                                'mustpostparams'
                        );
                }
        }

        /**
         * Callback function used in requireOnlyOneParameter to check whether required parameters are set
         *
         * @param object $x Parameter to check is not null/false
         * @return bool
         */
        private function parameterNotEmpty( $x ) {
                return !is_null( $x ) && $x !== false;
        }

        /**
         * Get a WikiPage object from a title or pageid param, if possible.
         * Can die, if no param is set or if the title or page id is not valid.
         *
         * @param array $params
         * @param bool|string $load Whether load the object's state from the database:
         *        - false: don't load (if the pageid is given, it will still be loaded)
         *        - 'fromdb': load from a replica DB
         *        - 'fromdbmaster': load from the master database
         * @return WikiPage
         */
        public function getTitleOrPageId( $params, $load = false ) {
                $this->requireOnlyOneParameter( $params, 'title', 'pageid' );

                $pageObj = null;
                if ( isset( $params['title'] ) ) {
                        $titleObj = Title::newFromText( $params['title'] );
                        if ( !$titleObj || $titleObj->isExternal() ) {
                                $this->dieUsageMsg( [ 'invalidtitle', $params['title'] ] );
                        }
                        if ( !$titleObj->canExist() ) {
                                $this->dieUsage( "Namespace doesn't allow actual pages", 'pagecannotexist' );
                        }
                        $pageObj = WikiPage::factory( $titleObj );
                        if ( $load !== false ) {
                                $pageObj->loadPageData( $load );
                        }
                } elseif ( isset( $params['pageid'] ) ) {
                        if ( $load === false ) {
                                $load = 'fromdb';
                        }
                        $pageObj = WikiPage::newFromID( $params['pageid'], $load );
                        if ( !$pageObj ) {
                                $this->dieUsageMsg( [ 'nosuchpageid', $params['pageid'] ] );
                        }
                }

                return $pageObj;
        }

        /**
         * Return true if we're to watch the page, false if not, null if no change.
         * @param string $watchlist Valid values: 'watch', 'unwatch', 'preferences', 'nochange'
         * @param Title $titleObj The page under consideration
         * @param string $userOption The user option to consider when $watchlist=preferences.
         *    If not set will use watchdefault always and watchcreations if $titleObj doesn't exist.
         * @return bool
         */
        protected function getWatchlistValue( $watchlist, $titleObj, $userOption = null ) {

                $userWatching = $this->getUser()->isWatched( $titleObj, User::IGNORE_USER_RIGHTS );

                switch ( $watchlist ) {
                        case 'watch':
                                return true;

                        case 'unwatch':
                                return false;

                        case 'preferences':
                                # If the user is already watching, don't bother checking
                                if ( $userWatching ) {
                                        return true;
                                }
                                # If no user option was passed, use watchdefault and watchcreations
                                if ( is_null( $userOption ) ) {
                                        return $this->getUser()->getBoolOption( 'watchdefault' ) ||
                                                $this->getUser()->getBoolOption( 'watchcreations' ) && !$titleObj->exists();
                                }

                                # Watch the article based on the user preference
                                return $this->getUser()->getBoolOption( $userOption );

                        case 'nochange':
                                return $userWatching;

                        default:
                                return $userWatching;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Using the settings determine the value for the given parameter
         *
         * @param string $paramName Parameter name
         * @param array|mixed $paramSettings Default value or an array of settings
         *  using PARAM_* constants.
         * @param bool $parseLimit Parse limit?
         * @return mixed Parameter value
         */
        protected function getParameterFromSettings( $paramName, $paramSettings, $parseLimit ) {
                // Some classes may decide to change parameter names
                $encParamName = $this->encodeParamName( $paramName );

                if ( !is_array( $paramSettings ) ) {
                        $default = $paramSettings;
                        $multi = false;
                        $type = gettype( $paramSettings );
                        $dupes = false;
                        $deprecated = false;
                        $required = false;
                } else {
                        $default = isset( $paramSettings[self::PARAM_DFLT] )
                                ? $paramSettings[self::PARAM_DFLT]
                                : null;
                        $multi = isset( $paramSettings[self::PARAM_ISMULTI] )
                                ? $paramSettings[self::PARAM_ISMULTI]
                                : false;
                        $type = isset( $paramSettings[self::PARAM_TYPE] )
                                ? $paramSettings[self::PARAM_TYPE]
                                : null;
                        $dupes = isset( $paramSettings[self::PARAM_ALLOW_DUPLICATES] )
                                ? $paramSettings[self::PARAM_ALLOW_DUPLICATES]
                                : false;
                        $deprecated = isset( $paramSettings[self::PARAM_DEPRECATED] )
                                ? $paramSettings[self::PARAM_DEPRECATED]
                                : false;
                        $required = isset( $paramSettings[self::PARAM_REQUIRED] )
                                ? $paramSettings[self::PARAM_REQUIRED]
                                : false;

                        // When type is not given, and no choices, the type is the same as $default
                        if ( !isset( $type ) ) {
                                if ( isset( $default ) ) {
                                        $type = gettype( $default );
                                } else {
                                        $type = 'NULL'; // allow everything
                                }
                        }
                }

                if ( $type == 'boolean' ) {
                        if ( isset( $default ) && $default !== false ) {
                                // Having a default value of anything other than 'false' is not allowed
                                ApiBase::dieDebug(
                                        __METHOD__,
                                        "Boolean param $encParamName's default is set to '$default'. " .
                                                'Boolean parameters must default to false.'
                                );
                        }

                        $value = $this->getMain()->getCheck( $encParamName );
                } elseif ( $type == 'upload' ) {
                        if ( isset( $default ) ) {
                                // Having a default value is not allowed
                                ApiBase::dieDebug(
                                        __METHOD__,
                                        "File upload param $encParamName's default is set to " .
                                                "'$default'. File upload parameters may not have a default." );
                        }
                        if ( $multi ) {
                                ApiBase::dieDebug( __METHOD__, "Multi-values not supported for $encParamName" );
                        }
                        $value = $this->getMain()->getUpload( $encParamName );
                        if ( !$value->exists() ) {
                                // This will get the value without trying to normalize it
                                // (because trying to normalize a large binary file
                                // accidentally uploaded as a field fails spectacularly)
                                $value = $this->getMain()->getRequest()->unsetVal( $encParamName );
                                if ( $value !== null ) {
                                        $this->dieUsage(
                                                "File upload param $encParamName is not a file upload; " .
                                                        'be sure to use multipart/form-data for your POST and include ' .
                                                        'a filename in the Content-Disposition header.',
                                                "badupload_{$encParamName}"
                                        );
                                }
                        }
                } else {
                        $value = $this->getMain()->getVal( $encParamName, $default );

                        if ( isset( $value ) && $type == 'namespace' ) {
                                $type = MWNamespace::getValidNamespaces();
                        }
                        if ( isset( $value ) && $type == 'submodule' ) {
                                if ( isset( $paramSettings[self::PARAM_SUBMODULE_MAP] ) ) {
                                        $type = array_keys( $paramSettings[self::PARAM_SUBMODULE_MAP] );
                                } else {
                                        $type = $this->getModuleManager()->getNames( $paramName );
                                }
                        }

                        $request = $this->getMain()->getRequest();
                        $rawValue = $request->getRawVal( $encParamName );
                        if ( $rawValue === null ) {
                                $rawValue = $default;
                        }

                        // Preserve U+001F for self::parseMultiValue(), or error out if that won't be called
                        if ( isset( $value ) && substr( $rawValue, 0, 1 ) === "\x1f" ) {
                                if ( $multi ) {
                                        // This loses the potential $wgContLang->checkTitleEncoding() transformation
                                        // done by WebRequest for $_GET. Let's call that a feature.
                                        $value = join( "\x1f", $request->normalizeUnicode( explode( "\x1f", $rawValue ) ) );
                                } else {
                                        $this->dieUsage(
                                                "U+001F multi-value separation may only be used for multi-valued parameters.",
                                                'badvalue_notmultivalue'
                                        );
                                }
                        }

                        // Check for NFC normalization, and warn
                        if ( $rawValue !== $value ) {
                                $this->handleParamNormalization( $paramName, $value, $rawValue );
                        }
                }

                if ( isset( $value ) && ( $multi || is_array( $type ) ) ) {
                        $value = $this->parseMultiValue(
                                $encParamName,
                                $value,
                                $multi,
                                is_array( $type ) ? $type : null
                        );
                }

                // More validation only when choices were not given
                // choices were validated in parseMultiValue()
                if ( isset( $value ) ) {
                        if ( !is_array( $type ) ) {
                                switch ( $type ) {
                                        case 'NULL': // nothing to do
                                                break;
                                        case 'string':
                                        case 'text':
                                        case 'password':
                                                if ( $required && $value === '' ) {
                                                        $this->dieUsageMsg( [ 'missingparam', $paramName ] );
                                                }
                                                break;
                                        case 'integer': // Force everything using intval() and optionally validate limits
                                                $min = isset( $paramSettings[self::PARAM_MIN] ) ? $paramSettings[self::PARAM_MIN] : null;
                                                $max = isset( $paramSettings[self::PARAM_MAX] ) ? $paramSettings[self::PARAM_MAX] : null;
                                                $enforceLimits = isset( $paramSettings[self::PARAM_RANGE_ENFORCE] )
                                                        ? $paramSettings[self::PARAM_RANGE_ENFORCE] : false;

                                                if ( is_array( $value ) ) {
                                                        $value = array_map( 'intval', $value );
                                                        if ( !is_null( $min ) || !is_null( $max ) ) {
                                                                foreach ( $value as &$v ) {
                                                                        $this->validateLimit( $paramName, $v, $min, $max, null, $enforceLimits );
                                                                }
                                                        }
                                                } else {
                                                        $value = intval( $value );
                                                        if ( !is_null( $min ) || !is_null( $max ) ) {
                                                                $this->validateLimit( $paramName, $value, $min, $max, null, $enforceLimits );
                                                        }
                                                }
                                                break;
                                        case 'limit':
                                                if ( !$parseLimit ) {
                                                        // Don't do any validation whatsoever
                                                        break;
                                                }
                                                if ( !isset( $paramSettings[self::PARAM_MAX] )
                                                        || !isset( $paramSettings[self::PARAM_MAX2] )
                                                ) {
                                                        ApiBase::dieDebug(
                                                                __METHOD__,
                                                                "MAX1 or MAX2 are not defined for the limit $encParamName"
                                                        );
                                                }
                                                if ( $multi ) {
                                                        ApiBase::dieDebug( __METHOD__, "Multi-values not supported for $encParamName" );
                                                }
                                                $min = isset( $paramSettings[self::PARAM_MIN] ) ? $paramSettings[self::PARAM_MIN] : 0;
                                                if ( $value == 'max' ) {
                                                        $value = $this->getMain()->canApiHighLimits()
                                                                ? $paramSettings[self::PARAM_MAX2]
                                                                : $paramSettings[self::PARAM_MAX];
                                                        $this->getResult()->addParsedLimit( $this->getModuleName(), $value );
                                                } else {
                                                        $value = intval( $value );
                                                        $this->validateLimit(
                                                                $paramName,
                                                                $value,
                                                                $min,
                                                                $paramSettings[self::PARAM_MAX],
                                                                $paramSettings[self::PARAM_MAX2]
                                                        );
                                                }
                                                break;
                                        case 'boolean':
                                                if ( $multi ) {
                                                        ApiBase::dieDebug( __METHOD__, "Multi-values not supported for $encParamName" );
                                                }
                                                break;
                                        case 'timestamp':
                                                if ( is_array( $value ) ) {
                                                        foreach ( $value as $key => $val ) {
                                                                $value[$key] = $this->validateTimestamp( $val, $encParamName );
                                                        }
                                                } else {
                                                        $value = $this->validateTimestamp( $value, $encParamName );
                                                }
                                                break;
                                        case 'user':
                                                if ( is_array( $value ) ) {
                                                        foreach ( $value as $key => $val ) {
                                                                $value[$key] = $this->validateUser( $val, $encParamName );
                                                        }
                                                } else {
                                                        $value = $this->validateUser( $value, $encParamName );
                                                }
                                                break;
                                        case 'upload': // nothing to do
                                                break;
                                        case 'tags':
                                                // If change tagging was requested, check that the tags are valid.
                                                if ( !is_array( $value ) && !$multi ) {
                                                        $value = [ $value ];
                                                }
                                                $tagsStatus = ChangeTags::canAddTagsAccompanyingChange( $value );
                                                if ( !$tagsStatus->isGood() ) {
                                                        $this->dieStatus( $tagsStatus );
                                                }
                                                break;
                                        default:
                                                ApiBase::dieDebug( __METHOD__, "Param $encParamName's type is unknown - $type" );
                                }
                        }

                        // Throw out duplicates if requested
                        if ( !$dupes && is_array( $value ) ) {
                                $value = array_unique( $value );
                        }

                        // Set a warning if a deprecated parameter has been passed
                        if ( $deprecated && $value !== false ) {
                                $this->setWarning( "The $encParamName parameter has been deprecated." );

                                $feature = $encParamName;
                                $m = $this;
                                while ( !$m->isMain() ) {
                                        $p = $m->getParent();
                                        $name = $m->getModuleName();
                                        $param = $p->encodeParamName( $p->getModuleManager()->getModuleGroup( $name ) );
                                        $feature = "{$param}={$name}&{$feature}";
                                        $m = $p;
                                }
                                $this->logFeatureUsage( $feature );
                        }
                } elseif ( $required ) {
                        $this->dieUsageMsg( [ 'missingparam', $paramName ] );
                }

                return $value;
        }

        /**
         * Handle when a parameter was Unicode-normalized
         * @since 1.28
         * @param string $paramName Unprefixed parameter name
         * @param string $value Input that will be used.
         * @param string $rawValue Input before normalization.
         */
        protected function handleParamNormalization( $paramName, $value, $rawValue ) {
                $encParamName = $this->encodeParamName( $paramName );
                $this->setWarning(
                        "The value passed for '$encParamName' contains invalid or non-normalized data. "
                        . 'Textual data should be valid, NFC-normalized Unicode without '
                        . 'C0 control characters other than HT (\\t), LF (\\n), and CR (\\r).'
                );
        }

        /**
         * Split a multi-valued parameter string, like explode()
         * @since 1.28
         * @param string $value
         * @param int $limit
         * @return string[]
         */
        protected function explodeMultiValue( $value, $limit ) {
                if ( substr( $value, 0, 1 ) === "\x1f" ) {
                        $sep = "\x1f";
                        $value = substr( $value, 1 );
                } else {
                        $sep = '|';
                }

                return explode( $sep, $value, $limit );
        }

        /**
         * Return an array of values that were given in a 'a|b|c' notation,
         * after it optionally validates them against the list allowed values.
         *
         * @param string $valueName The name of the parameter (for error
         *  reporting)
         * @param mixed $value The value being parsed
         * @param bool $allowMultiple Can $value contain more than one value
         *  separated by '|'?
         * @param string[]|null $allowedValues An array of values to check against. If
         *  null, all values are accepted.
         * @return string|string[] (allowMultiple ? an_array_of_values : a_single_value)
         */
        protected function parseMultiValue( $valueName, $value, $allowMultiple, $allowedValues ) {
                if ( ( trim( $value ) === '' || trim( $value ) === "\x1f" ) && $allowMultiple ) {
                        return [];
                }

                // This is a bit awkward, but we want to avoid calling canApiHighLimits()
                // because it unstubs $wgUser
                $valuesList = $this->explodeMultiValue( $value, self::LIMIT_SML2 + 1 );
                $sizeLimit = count( $valuesList ) > self::LIMIT_SML1 && $this->mMainModule->canApiHighLimits()
                        ? self::LIMIT_SML2
                        : self::LIMIT_SML1;

                if ( self::truncateArray( $valuesList, $sizeLimit ) ) {
                        $this->logFeatureUsage( "too-many-$valueName-for-{$this->getModulePath()}" );
                        $this->setWarning( "Too many values supplied for parameter '$valueName': " .
                                "the limit is $sizeLimit" );
                }

                if ( !$allowMultiple && count( $valuesList ) != 1 ) {
                        // Bug 33482 - Allow entries with | in them for non-multiple values
                        if ( in_array( $value, $allowedValues, true ) ) {
                                return $value;
                        }

                        $possibleValues = is_array( $allowedValues )
                                ? "of '" . implode( "', '", $allowedValues ) . "'"
                                : '';
                        $this->dieUsage(
                                "Only one $possibleValues is allowed for parameter '$valueName'",
                                "multival_$valueName"
                        );
                }

                if ( is_array( $allowedValues ) ) {
                        // Check for unknown values
                        $unknown = array_diff( $valuesList, $allowedValues );
                        if ( count( $unknown ) ) {
                                if ( $allowMultiple ) {
                                        $s = count( $unknown ) > 1 ? 's' : '';
                                        $vals = implode( ', ', $unknown );
                                        $this->setWarning( "Unrecognized value$s for parameter '$valueName': $vals" );
                                } else {
                                        $this->dieUsage(
                                                "Unrecognized value for parameter '$valueName': {$valuesList[0]}",
                                                "unknown_$valueName"
                                        );
                                }
                        }
                        // Now throw them out
                        $valuesList = array_intersect( $valuesList, $allowedValues );
                }

                return $allowMultiple ? $valuesList : $valuesList[0];
        }

        /**
         * Validate the value against the minimum and user/bot maximum limits.
         * Prints usage info on failure.
         * @param string $paramName Parameter name
         * @param int $value Parameter value
         * @param int|null $min Minimum value
         * @param int|null $max Maximum value for users
         * @param int $botMax Maximum value for sysops/bots
         * @param bool $enforceLimits Whether to enforce (die) if value is outside limits
         */
        protected function validateLimit( $paramName, &$value, $min, $max, $botMax = null,
                $enforceLimits = false
        ) {
                if ( !is_null( $min ) && $value < $min ) {
                        $msg = $this->encodeParamName( $paramName ) . " may not be less than $min (set to $value)";
                        $this->warnOrDie( $msg, $enforceLimits );
                        $value = $min;
                }

                // Minimum is always validated, whereas maximum is checked only if not
                // running in internal call mode
                if ( $this->getMain()->isInternalMode() ) {
                        return;
                }

                // Optimization: do not check user's bot status unless really needed -- skips db query
                // assumes $botMax >= $max
                if ( !is_null( $max ) && $value > $max ) {
                        if ( !is_null( $botMax ) && $this->getMain()->canApiHighLimits() ) {
                                if ( $value > $botMax ) {
                                        $msg = $this->encodeParamName( $paramName ) .
                                                " may not be over $botMax (set to $value) for bots or sysops";
                                        $this->warnOrDie( $msg, $enforceLimits );
                                        $value = $botMax;
                                }
                        } else {
                                $msg = $this->encodeParamName( $paramName ) . " may not be over $max (set to $value) for users";
                                $this->warnOrDie( $msg, $enforceLimits );
                                $value = $max;
                        }
                }
        }

        /**
         * Validate and normalize of parameters of type 'timestamp'
         * @param string $value Parameter value
         * @param string $encParamName Parameter name
         * @return string Validated and normalized parameter
         */
        protected function validateTimestamp( $value, $encParamName ) {
                // Confusing synonyms for the current time accepted by wfTimestamp()
                // (wfTimestamp() also accepts various non-strings and the string of 14
                // ASCII NUL bytes, but those can't get here)
                if ( !$value ) {
                        $this->logFeatureUsage( 'unclear-"now"-timestamp' );
                        $this->setWarning(
                                "Passing '$value' for timestamp parameter $encParamName has been deprecated." .
                                        ' If for some reason you need to explicitly specify the current time without' .
                                        ' calculating it client-side, use "now".'
                        );
                        return wfTimestamp( TS_MW );
                }

                // Explicit synonym for the current time
                if ( $value === 'now' ) {
                        return wfTimestamp( TS_MW );
                }

                $unixTimestamp = wfTimestamp( TS_UNIX, $value );
                if ( $unixTimestamp === false ) {
                        $this->dieUsage(
                                "Invalid value '$value' for timestamp parameter $encParamName",
                                "badtimestamp_{$encParamName}"
                        );
                }

                return wfTimestamp( TS_MW, $unixTimestamp );
        }

        /**
         * Validate the supplied token.
         *
         * @since 1.24
         * @param string $token Supplied token
         * @param array $params All supplied parameters for the module
         * @return bool
         * @throws MWException
         */
        final public function validateToken( $token, array $params ) {
                $tokenType = $this->needsToken();
                $salts = ApiQueryTokens::getTokenTypeSalts();
                if ( !isset( $salts[$tokenType] ) ) {
                        throw new MWException(
                                "Module '{$this->getModuleName()}' tried to use token type '$tokenType' " .
                                        'without registering it'
                        );
                }

                $tokenObj = ApiQueryTokens::getToken(
                        $this->getUser(), $this->getRequest()->getSession(), $salts[$tokenType]
                );
                if ( $tokenObj->match( $token ) ) {
                        return true;
                }

                $webUiSalt = $this->getWebUITokenSalt( $params );
                if ( $webUiSalt !== null && $this->getUser()->matchEditToken(
                        $token,
                        $webUiSalt,
                        $this->getRequest()
                ) ) {
                        return true;
                }

                return false;
        }

        /**
         * Validate and normalize of parameters of type 'user'
         * @param string $value Parameter value
         * @param string $encParamName Parameter name
         * @return string Validated and normalized parameter
         */
        private function validateUser( $value, $encParamName ) {
                $title = Title::makeTitleSafe( NS_USER, $value );
                if ( $title === null || $title->hasFragment() ) {
                        $this->dieUsage(
                                "Invalid value '$value' for user parameter $encParamName",
                                "baduser_{$encParamName}"
                        );
                }

                return $title->getText();
        }

        /**@}*/

        /************************************************************************//**
         * @name   Utility methods
         * @{
         */

        /**
         * Set a watch (or unwatch) based the based on a watchlist parameter.
         * @param string $watch Valid values: 'watch', 'unwatch', 'preferences', 'nochange'
         * @param Title $titleObj The article's title to change
         * @param string $userOption The user option to consider when $watch=preferences
         */
        protected function setWatch( $watch, $titleObj, $userOption = null ) {
                $value = $this->getWatchlistValue( $watch, $titleObj, $userOption );
                if ( $value === null ) {
                        return;
                }

                WatchAction::doWatchOrUnwatch( $value, $titleObj, $this->getUser() );
        }

        /**
         * Truncate an array to a certain length.
         * @param array $arr Array to truncate
         * @param int $limit Maximum length
         * @return bool True if the array was truncated, false otherwise
         */
        public static function truncateArray( &$arr, $limit ) {
                $modified = false;
                while ( count( $arr ) > $limit ) {
                        array_pop( $arr );
                        $modified = true;
                }

                return $modified;
        }

        /**
         * Gets the user for whom to get the watchlist
         *
         * @param array $params
         * @return User
         */
        public function getWatchlistUser( $params ) {
                if ( !is_null( $params['owner'] ) && !is_null( $params['token'] ) ) {
                        $user = User::newFromName( $params['owner'], false );
                        if ( !( $user && $user->getId() ) ) {
                                $this->dieUsage( 'Specified user does not exist', 'bad_wlowner' );
                        }
                        $token = $user->getOption( 'watchlisttoken' );
                        if ( $token == '' || !hash_equals( $token, $params['token'] ) ) {
                                $this->dieUsage(
                                        'Incorrect watchlist token provided -- please set a correct token in Special:Preferences',
                                        'bad_wltoken'
                                );
                        }
                } else {
                        if ( !$this->getUser()->isLoggedIn() ) {
                                $this->dieUsage( 'You must be logged-in to have a watchlist', 'notloggedin' );
                        }
                        if ( !$this->getUser()->isAllowed( 'viewmywatchlist' ) ) {
                                $this->dieUsage( 'You don\'t have permission to view your watchlist', 'permissiondenied' );
                        }
                        $user = $this->getUser();
                }

                return $user;
        }

        /**
         * A subset of wfEscapeWikiText for BC texts
         *
         * @since 1.25
         * @param string|array $v
         * @return string|array
         */
        private static function escapeWikiText( $v ) {
                if ( is_array( $v ) ) {
                        return array_map( 'self::escapeWikiText', $v );
                } else {
                        return strtr( $v, [
                                '__' => '_&#95;', '{' => '&#123;', '}' => '&#125;',
                                '[[Category:' => '[[:Category:',
                                '[[File:' => '[[:File:', '[[Image:' => '[[:Image:',
                        ] );
                }
        }

        /**
         * Create a Message from a string or array
         *
         * A string is used as a message key. An array has the message key as the
         * first value and message parameters as subsequent values.
         *
         * @since 1.25
         * @param string|array|Message $msg
         * @param IContextSource $context
         * @param array $params
         * @return Message|null
         */
        public static function makeMessage( $msg, IContextSource $context, array $params = null ) {
                if ( is_string( $msg ) ) {
                        $msg = wfMessage( $msg );
                } elseif ( is_array( $msg ) ) {
                        $msg = call_user_func_array( 'wfMessage', $msg );
                }
                if ( !$msg instanceof Message ) {
                        return null;
                }

                $msg->setContext( $context );
                if ( $params ) {
                        $msg->params( $params );
                }

                return $msg;
        }

        /**@}*/

        /************************************************************************//**
         * @name   Warning and error reporting
         * @{
         */

        /**
         * Set warning section for this module. Users should monitor this
         * section to notice any changes in API. Multiple calls to this
         * function will result in the warning messages being separated by
         * newlines
         * @param string $warning Warning message
         */
        public function setWarning( $warning ) {
                $msg = new ApiRawMessage( $warning, 'warning' );
                $this->getErrorFormatter()->addWarning( $this->getModuleName(), $msg );
        }

        /**
         * Adds a warning to the output, else dies
         *
         * @param string $msg Message to show as a warning, or error message if dying
         * @param bool $enforceLimits Whether this is an enforce (die)
         */
        private function warnOrDie( $msg, $enforceLimits = false ) {
                if ( $enforceLimits ) {
                        $this->dieUsage( $msg, 'integeroutofrange' );
                }

                $this->setWarning( $msg );
        }

        /**
         * Throw a UsageException, which will (if uncaught) call the main module's
         * error handler and die with an error message.
         *
         * @param string $description One-line human-readable description of the
         *   error condition, e.g., "The API requires a valid action parameter"
         * @param string $errorCode Brief, arbitrary, stable string to allow easy
         *   automated identification of the error, e.g., 'unknown_action'
         * @param int $httpRespCode HTTP response code
         * @param array|null $extradata Data to add to the "<error>" element; array in ApiResult format
         * @throws UsageException always
         */
        public function dieUsage( $description, $errorCode, $httpRespCode = 0, $extradata = null ) {
                throw new UsageException(
                        $description,
                        $this->encodeParamName( $errorCode ),
                        $httpRespCode,
                        $extradata
                );
        }

        /**
         * Throw a UsageException, which will (if uncaught) call the main module's
         * error handler and die with an error message including block info.
         *
         * @since 1.27
         * @param Block $block The block used to generate the UsageException
         * @throws UsageException always
         */
        public function dieBlocked( Block $block ) {
                // Die using the appropriate message depending on block type
                if ( $block->getType() == Block::TYPE_AUTO ) {
                        $this->dieUsage(
                                'Your IP address has been blocked automatically, because it was used by a blocked user',
                                'autoblocked',
                                0,
                                [ 'blockinfo' => ApiQueryUserInfo::getBlockInfo( $block ) ]
                        );
                } else {
                        $this->dieUsage(
                                'You have been blocked from editing',
                                'blocked',
                                0,
                                [ 'blockinfo' => ApiQueryUserInfo::getBlockInfo( $block ) ]
                        );
                }
        }

        /**
         * Get error (as code, string) from a Status object.
         *
         * @since 1.23
         * @param Status $status
         * @param array|null &$extraData Set if extra data from IApiMessage is available (since 1.27)
         * @return array Array of code and error string
         * @throws MWException
         */
        public function getErrorFromStatus( $status, &$extraData = null ) {
                if ( $status->isGood() ) {
                        throw new MWException( 'Successful status passed to ApiBase::dieStatus' );
                }

                $errors = $status->getErrorsByType( 'error' );
                if ( !$errors ) {
                        // No errors? Assume the warnings should be treated as errors
                        $errors = $status->getErrorsByType( 'warning' );
                }
                if ( !$errors ) {
                        // Still no errors? Punt
                        $errors = [ [ 'message' => 'unknownerror-nocode', 'params' => [] ] ];
                }

                // Cannot use dieUsageMsg() because extensions might return custom
                // error messages.
                if ( $errors[0]['message'] instanceof Message ) {
                        $msg = $errors[0]['message'];
                        if ( $msg instanceof IApiMessage ) {
                                $extraData = $msg->getApiData();
                                $code = $msg->getApiCode();
                        } else {
                                $code = $msg->getKey();
                        }
                } else {
                        $code = $errors[0]['message'];
                        $msg = wfMessage( $code, $errors[0]['params'] );
                }
                if ( isset( ApiBase::$messageMap[$code] ) ) {
                        // Translate message to code, for backwards compatibility
                        $code = ApiBase::$messageMap[$code]['code'];
                }

                return [ $code, $msg->inLanguage( 'en' )->useDatabase( false )->plain() ];
        }

        /**
         * Throw a UsageException based on the errors in the Status object.
         *
         * @since 1.22
         * @param Status $status
         * @throws UsageException always
         */
        public function dieStatus( $status ) {
                $extraData = null;
                list( $code, $msg ) = $this->getErrorFromStatus( $status, $extraData );
                $this->dieUsage( $msg, $code, 0, $extraData );
        }

        // @codingStandardsIgnoreStart Allow long lines. Cannot split these.
        /**
         * Array that maps message keys to error messages. $1 and friends are replaced.
         */
        public static $messageMap = [
                // This one MUST be present, or dieUsageMsg() will recurse infinitely
                'unknownerror' => [ 'code' => 'unknownerror', 'info' => "Unknown error: \"\$1\"" ],
                'unknownerror-nocode' => [ 'code' => 'unknownerror', 'info' => 'Unknown error' ],

                // Messages from Title::getUserPermissionsErrors()
                'ns-specialprotected' => [
                        'code' => 'unsupportednamespace',
                        'info' => "Pages in the Special namespace can't be edited"
                ],
                'protectedinterface' => [
                        'code' => 'protectednamespace-interface',
                        'info' => "You're not allowed to edit interface messages"
                ],
                'namespaceprotected' => [
                        'code' => 'protectednamespace',
                        'info' => "You're not allowed to edit pages in the \"\$1\" namespace"
                ],
                'customcssprotected' => [
                        'code' => 'customcssprotected',
                        'info' => "You're not allowed to edit custom CSS pages"
                ],
                'customjsprotected' => [
                        'code' => 'customjsprotected',
                        'info' => "You're not allowed to edit custom JavaScript pages"
                ],
                'cascadeprotected' => [
                        'code' => 'cascadeprotected',
                        'info' => "The page you're trying to edit is protected because it's included in a cascade-protected page"
                ],
                'protectedpagetext' => [
                        'code' => 'protectedpage',
                        'info' => "The \"\$1\" right is required to edit this page"
                ],
                'protect-cantedit' => [
                        'code' => 'cantedit',
                        'info' => "You can't protect this page because you can't edit it"
                ],
                'deleteprotected' => [
                        'code' => 'cantedit',
                        'info' => "You can't delete this page because it has been protected"
                ],
                'badaccess-group0' => [
                        'code' => 'permissiondenied',
                        'info' => 'Permission denied'
                ], // Generic permission denied message
                'badaccess-groups' => [
                        'code' => 'permissiondenied',
                        'info' => 'Permission denied'
                ],
                'titleprotected' => [
                        'code' => 'protectedtitle',
                        'info' => 'This title has been protected from creation'
                ],
                'nocreate-loggedin' => [
                        'code' => 'cantcreate',
                        'info' => "You don't have permission to create new pages"
                ],
                'nocreatetext' => [
                        'code' => 'cantcreate-anon',
                        'info' => "Anonymous users can't create new pages"
                ],
                'movenologintext' => [
                        'code' => 'cantmove-anon',
                        'info' => "Anonymous users can't move pages"
                ],
                'movenotallowed' => [
                        'code' => 'cantmove',
                        'info' => "You don't have permission to move pages"
                ],
                'confirmedittext' => [
                        'code' => 'confirmemail',
                        'info' => 'You must confirm your email address before you can edit'
                ],
                'blockedtext' => [
                        'code' => 'blocked',
                        'info' => 'You have been blocked from editing'
                ],
                'autoblockedtext' => [
                        'code' => 'autoblocked',
                        'info' => 'Your IP address has been blocked automatically, because it was used by a blocked user'
                ],

                // Miscellaneous interface messages
                'actionthrottledtext' => [
                        'code' => 'ratelimited',
                        'info' => "You've exceeded your rate limit. Please wait some time and try again"
                ],
                'alreadyrolled' => [
                        'code' => 'alreadyrolled',
                        'info' => 'The page you tried to rollback was already rolled back'
                ],
                'cantrollback' => [
                        'code' => 'onlyauthor',
                        'info' => 'The page you tried to rollback only has one author'
                ],
                'readonlytext' => [
                        'code' => 'readonly',
                        'info' => 'The wiki is currently in read-only mode'
                ],
                'sessionfailure' => [
                        'code' => 'badtoken',
                        'info' => 'Invalid token' ],
                'cannotdelete' => [
                        'code' => 'cantdelete',
                        'info' => "Couldn't delete \"\$1\". Maybe it was deleted already by someone else"
                ],
                'notanarticle' => [
                        'code' => 'missingtitle',
                        'info' => "The page you requested doesn't exist"
                ],
                'selfmove' => [ 'code' => 'selfmove', 'info' => "Can't move a page to itself"
                ],
                'immobile_namespace' => [
                        'code' => 'immobilenamespace',
                        'info' => 'You tried to move pages from or to a namespace that is protected from moving'
                ],
                'articleexists' => [
                        'code' => 'articleexists',
                        'info' => 'The destination article already exists and is not a redirect to the source article'
                ],
                'protectedpage' => [
                        'code' => 'protectedpage',
                        'info' => "You don't have permission to perform this move"
                ],
                'hookaborted' => [
                        'code' => 'hookaborted',
                        'info' => 'The modification you tried to make was aborted by an extension hook'
                ],
                'cantmove-titleprotected' => [
                        'code' => 'protectedtitle',
                        'info' => 'The destination article has been protected from creation'
                ],
                'imagenocrossnamespace' => [
                        'code' => 'nonfilenamespace',
                        'info' => "Can't move a file to a non-file namespace"
                ],
                'imagetypemismatch' => [
                        'code' => 'filetypemismatch',
                        'info' => "The new file extension doesn't match its type"
                ],
                // 'badarticleerror' => shouldn't happen
                // 'badtitletext' => shouldn't happen
                'ip_range_invalid' => [ 'code' => 'invalidrange', 'info' => 'Invalid IP range' ],
                'range_block_disabled' => [
                        'code' => 'rangedisabled',
                        'info' => 'Blocking IP ranges has been disabled'
                ],
                'nosuchusershort' => [
                        'code' => 'nosuchuser',
                        'info' => "The user you specified doesn't exist"
                ],
                'badipaddress' => [ 'code' => 'invalidip', 'info' => 'Invalid IP address specified' ],
                'ipb_expiry_invalid' => [ 'code' => 'invalidexpiry', 'info' => 'Invalid expiry time' ],
                'ipb_already_blocked' => [
                        'code' => 'alreadyblocked',
                        'info' => 'The user you tried to block was already blocked'
                ],
                'ipb_blocked_as_range' => [
                        'code' => 'blockedasrange',
                        'info' => "IP address \"\$1\" was blocked as part of range \"\$2\". You can't unblock the IP individually, but you can unblock the range as a whole."
                ],
                'ipb_cant_unblock' => [
                        'code' => 'cantunblock',
                        'info' => 'The block you specified was not found. It may have been unblocked already'
                ],
                'mailnologin' => [
                        'code' => 'cantsend',
                        'info' => 'You are not logged in, you do not have a confirmed email address, or you are not allowed to send email to other users, so you cannot send email'
                ],
                'ipbblocked' => [
                        'code' => 'ipbblocked',
                        'info' => 'You cannot block or unblock users while you are yourself blocked'
                ],
                'ipbnounblockself' => [
                        'code' => 'ipbnounblockself',
                        'info' => 'You are not allowed to unblock yourself'
                ],
                'usermaildisabled' => [
                        'code' => 'usermaildisabled',
                        'info' => 'User email has been disabled'
                ],
                'blockedemailuser' => [
                        'code' => 'blockedfrommail',
                        'info' => 'You have been blocked from sending email'
                ],
                'notarget' => [
                        'code' => 'notarget',
                        'info' => 'You have not specified a valid target for this action'
                ],
                'noemail' => [
                        'code' => 'noemail',
                        'info' => 'The user has not specified a valid email address, or has chosen not to receive email from other users'
                ],
                'rcpatroldisabled' => [
                        'code' => 'patroldisabled',
                        'info' => 'Patrolling is disabled on this wiki'
                ],
                'markedaspatrollederror-noautopatrol' => [
                        'code' => 'noautopatrol',
                        'info' => "You don't have permission to patrol your own changes"
                ],
                'delete-toobig' => [
                        'code' => 'bigdelete',
                        'info' => "You can't delete this page because it has more than \$1 revisions"
                ],
                'movenotallowedfile' => [
                        'code' => 'cantmovefile',
                        'info' => "You don't have permission to move files"
                ],
                'userrights-no-interwiki' => [
                        'code' => 'nointerwikiuserrights',
                        'info' => "You don't have permission to change user rights on other wikis"
                ],
                'userrights-nodatabase' => [
                        'code' => 'nosuchdatabase',
                        'info' => "Database \"\$1\" does not exist or is not local"
                ],
                'nouserspecified' => [ 'code' => 'invaliduser', 'info' => "Invalid username \"\$1\"" ],
                'noname' => [ 'code' => 'invaliduser', 'info' => "Invalid username \"\$1\"" ],
                'summaryrequired' => [ 'code' => 'summaryrequired', 'info' => 'Summary required' ],
                'import-rootpage-invalid' => [
                        'code' => 'import-rootpage-invalid',
                        'info' => 'Root page is an invalid title'
                ],
                'import-rootpage-nosubpage' => [
                        'code' => 'import-rootpage-nosubpage',
                        'info' => 'Namespace "$1" of the root page does not allow subpages'
                ],

                // API-specific messages
                'readrequired' => [
                        'code' => 'readapidenied',
                        'info' => 'You need read permission to use this module'
                ],
                'writedisabled' => [
                        'code' => 'noapiwrite',
                        'info' => "Editing of this wiki through the API is disabled. Make sure the \$wgEnableWriteAPI=true; statement is included in the wiki's LocalSettings.php file"
                ],
                'writerequired' => [
                        'code' => 'writeapidenied',
                        'info' => "You're not allowed to edit this wiki through the API"
                ],
                'missingparam' => [ 'code' => 'no$1', 'info' => "The \$1 parameter must be set" ],
                'invalidtitle' => [ 'code' => 'invalidtitle', 'info' => "Bad title \"\$1\"" ],
                'nosuchpageid' => [ 'code' => 'nosuchpageid', 'info' => "There is no page with ID \$1" ],
                'nosuchrevid' => [ 'code' => 'nosuchrevid', 'info' => "There is no revision with ID \$1" ],
                'nosuchuser' => [ 'code' => 'nosuchuser', 'info' => "User \"\$1\" doesn't exist" ],
                'invaliduser' => [ 'code' => 'invaliduser', 'info' => "Invalid username \"\$1\"" ],
                'invalidexpiry' => [ 'code' => 'invalidexpiry', 'info' => "Invalid expiry time \"\$1\"" ],
                'pastexpiry' => [ 'code' => 'pastexpiry', 'info' => "Expiry time \"\$1\" is in the past" ],
                'create-titleexists' => [
                        'code' => 'create-titleexists',
                        'info' => "Existing titles can't be protected with 'create'"
                ],
                'missingtitle-createonly' => [
                        'code' => 'missingtitle-createonly',
                        'info' => "Missing titles can only be protected with 'create'"
                ],
                'cantblock' => [ 'code' => 'cantblock',
                        'info' => "You don't have permission to block users"
                ],
                'canthide' => [
                        'code' => 'canthide',
                        'info' => "You don't have permission to hide user names from the block log"
                ],
                'cantblock-email' => [
                        'code' => 'cantblock-email',
                        'info' => "You don't have permission to block users from sending email through the wiki"
                ],
                'unblock-notarget' => [
                        'code' => 'notarget',
                        'info' => 'Either the id or the user parameter must be set'
                ],
                'unblock-idanduser' => [
                        'code' => 'idanduser',
                        'info' => "The id and user parameters can't be used together"
                ],
                'cantunblock' => [
                        'code' => 'permissiondenied',
                        'info' => "You don't have permission to unblock users"
                ],
                'cannotundelete' => [
                        'code' => 'cantundelete',
                        'info' => "Couldn't undelete: the requested revisions may not exist, or may have been undeleted already"
                ],
                'permdenied-undelete' => [
                        'code' => 'permissiondenied',
                        'info' => "You don't have permission to restore deleted revisions"
                ],
                'createonly-exists' => [
                        'code' => 'articleexists',
                        'info' => 'The article you tried to create has been created already'
                ],
                'nocreate-missing' => [
                        'code' => 'missingtitle',
                        'info' => "The article you tried to edit doesn't exist"
                ],
                'cantchangecontentmodel' => [
                        'code' => 'cantchangecontentmodel',
                        'info' => "You don't have permission to change the content model of a page"
                ],
                'nosuchrcid' => [
                        'code' => 'nosuchrcid',
                        'info' => "There is no change with rcid \"\$1\""
                ],
                'nosuchlogid' => [
                        'code' => 'nosuchlogid',
                        'info' => "There is no log entry with ID \"\$1\""
                ],
                'protect-invalidaction' => [
                        'code' => 'protect-invalidaction',
                        'info' => "Invalid protection type \"\$1\""
                ],
                'protect-invalidlevel' => [
                        'code' => 'protect-invalidlevel',
                        'info' => "Invalid protection level \"\$1\""
                ],
                'toofewexpiries' => [
                        'code' => 'toofewexpiries',
                        'info' => "\$1 expiry timestamps were provided where \$2 were needed"
                ],
                'cantimport' => [
                        'code' => 'cantimport',
                        'info' => "You don't have permission to import pages"
                ],
                'cantimport-upload' => [
                        'code' => 'cantimport-upload',
                        'info' => "You don't have permission to import uploaded pages"
                ],
                'importnofile' => [ 'code' => 'nofile', 'info' => "You didn't upload a file" ],
                'importuploaderrorsize' => [
                        'code' => 'filetoobig',
                        'info' => 'The file you uploaded is bigger than the maximum upload size'
                ],
                'importuploaderrorpartial' => [
                        'code' => 'partialupload',
                        'info' => 'The file was only partially uploaded'
                ],
                'importuploaderrortemp' => [
                        'code' => 'notempdir',
                        'info' => 'The temporary upload directory is missing'
                ],
                'importcantopen' => [
                        'code' => 'cantopenfile',
                        'info' => "Couldn't open the uploaded file"
                ],
                'import-noarticle' => [
                        'code' => 'badinterwiki',
                        'info' => 'Invalid interwiki title specified'
                ],
                'importbadinterwiki' => [
                        'code' => 'badinterwiki',
                        'info' => 'Invalid interwiki title specified'
                ],
                'import-unknownerror' => [
                        'code' => 'import-unknownerror',
                        'info' => "Unknown error on import: \"\$1\""
                ],
                'cantoverwrite-sharedfile' => [
                        'code' => 'cantoverwrite-sharedfile',
                        'info' => 'The target file exists on a shared repository and you do not have permission to override it'
                ],
                'sharedfile-exists' => [
                        'code' => 'fileexists-sharedrepo-perm',
                        'info' => 'The target file exists on a shared repository. Use the ignorewarnings parameter to override it.'
                ],
                'mustbeposted' => [
                        'code' => 'mustbeposted',
                        'info' => "The \$1 module requires a POST request"
                ],
                'show' => [
                        'code' => 'show',
                        'info' => 'Incorrect parameter - mutually exclusive values may not be supplied'
                ],
                'specialpage-cantexecute' => [
                        'code' => 'specialpage-cantexecute',
                        'info' => "You don't have permission to view the results of this special page"
                ],
                'invalidoldimage' => [
                        'code' => 'invalidoldimage',
                        'info' => 'The oldimage parameter has invalid format'
                ],
                'nodeleteablefile' => [
                        'code' => 'nodeleteablefile',
                        'info' => 'No such old version of the file'
                ],
                'fileexists-forbidden' => [
                        'code' => 'fileexists-forbidden',
                        'info' => 'A file with name "$1" already exists, and cannot be overwritten.'
                ],
                'fileexists-shared-forbidden' => [
                        'code' => 'fileexists-shared-forbidden',
                        'info' => 'A file with name "$1" already exists in the shared file repository, and cannot be overwritten.'
                ],
                'filerevert-badversion' => [
                        'code' => 'filerevert-badversion',
                        'info' => 'There is no previous local version of this file with the provided timestamp.'
                ],

                // ApiEditPage messages
                'noimageredirect-anon' => [
                        'code' => 'noimageredirect-anon',
                        'info' => "Anonymous users can't create image redirects"
                ],
                'noimageredirect-logged' => [
                        'code' => 'noimageredirect',
                        'info' => "You don't have permission to create image redirects"
                ],
                'spamdetected' => [
                        'code' => 'spamdetected',
                        'info' => "Your edit was refused because it contained a spam fragment: \"\$1\""
                ],
                'contenttoobig' => [
                        'code' => 'contenttoobig',
                        'info' => "The content you supplied exceeds the article size limit of \$1 kilobytes"
                ],
                'noedit-anon' => [ 'code' => 'noedit-anon', 'info' => "Anonymous users can't edit pages" ],
                'noedit' => [ 'code' => 'noedit', 'info' => "You don't have permission to edit pages" ],
                'wasdeleted' => [
                        'code' => 'pagedeleted',
                        'info' => 'The page has been deleted since you fetched its timestamp'
                ],
                'blankpage' => [
                        'code' => 'emptypage',
                        'info' => 'Creating new, empty pages is not allowed'
                ],
                'editconflict' => [ 'code' => 'editconflict', 'info' => 'Edit conflict detected' ],
                'hashcheckfailed' => [ 'code' => 'badmd5', 'info' => 'The supplied MD5 hash was incorrect' ],
                'missingtext' => [
                        'code' => 'notext',
                        'info' => 'One of the text, appendtext, prependtext and undo parameters must be set'
                ],
                'emptynewsection' => [
                        'code' => 'emptynewsection',
                        'info' => 'Creating empty new sections is not possible.'
                ],
                'revwrongpage' => [
                        'code' => 'revwrongpage',
                        'info' => "r\$1 is not a revision of \"\$2\""
                ],
                'undo-failure' => [
                        'code' => 'undofailure',
                        'info' => 'Undo failed due to conflicting intermediate edits'
                ],
                'content-not-allowed-here' => [
                        'code' => 'contentnotallowedhere',
                        'info' => 'Content model "$1" is not allowed at title "$2"'
                ],

                // Messages from WikiPage::doEit(]
                'edit-hook-aborted' => [
                        'code' => 'edit-hook-aborted',
                        'info' => 'Your edit was aborted by an ArticleSave hook'
                ],
                'edit-gone-missing' => [
                        'code' => 'edit-gone-missing',
                        'info' => "The page you tried to edit doesn't seem to exist anymore"
                ],
                'edit-conflict' => [ 'code' => 'editconflict', 'info' => 'Edit conflict detected' ],
                'edit-already-exists' => [
                        'code' => 'edit-already-exists',
                        'info' => 'It seems the page you tried to create already exist'
                ],

                // uploadMsgs
                'invalid-file-key' => [ 'code' => 'invalid-file-key', 'info' => 'Not a valid file key' ],
                'nouploadmodule' => [ 'code' => 'nouploadmodule', 'info' => 'No upload module set' ],
                'uploaddisabled' => [
                        'code' => 'uploaddisabled',
                        'info' => 'Uploads are not enabled. Make sure $wgEnableUploads is set to true in LocalSettings.php and the PHP ini setting file_uploads is true'
                ],
                'copyuploaddisabled' => [
                        'code' => 'copyuploaddisabled',
                        'info' => 'Uploads by URL is not enabled. Make sure $wgAllowCopyUploads is set to true in LocalSettings.php.'
                ],
                'copyuploadbaddomain' => [
                        'code' => 'copyuploadbaddomain',
                        'info' => 'Uploads by URL are not allowed from this domain.'
                ],
                'copyuploadbadurl' => [
                        'code' => 'copyuploadbadurl',
                        'info' => 'Upload not allowed from this URL.'
                ],

                'filename-tooshort' => [
                        'code' => 'filename-tooshort',
                        'info' => 'The filename is too short'
                ],
                'filename-toolong' => [ 'code' => 'filename-toolong', 'info' => 'The filename is too long' ],
                'illegal-filename' => [
                        'code' => 'illegal-filename',
                        'info' => 'The filename is not allowed'
                ],
                'filetype-missing' => [
                        'code' => 'filetype-missing',
                        'info' => 'The file is missing an extension'
                ],

                'mustbeloggedin' => [ 'code' => 'mustbeloggedin', 'info' => 'You must be logged in to $1.' ]
        ];
        // @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd

        /**
         * Helper function for readonly errors
         *
         * @throws UsageException always
         */
        public function dieReadOnly() {
                $parsed = $this->parseMsg( [ 'readonlytext' ] );
                $this->dieUsage( $parsed['info'], $parsed['code'], /* http error */ 0,
                        [ 'readonlyreason' => wfReadOnlyReason() ] );
        }

        /**
         * Output the error message related to a certain array
         * @param array|string|MessageSpecifier $error Element of a getUserPermissionsErrors()-style array
         * @throws UsageException always
         */
        public function dieUsageMsg( $error ) {
                # most of the time we send a 1 element, so we might as well send it as
                # a string and make this an array here.
                if ( is_string( $error ) ) {
                        $error = [ $error ];
                }
                $parsed = $this->parseMsg( $error );
                $extraData = isset( $parsed['data'] ) ? $parsed['data'] : null;
                $this->dieUsage( $parsed['info'], $parsed['code'], 0, $extraData );
        }

        /**
         * Will only set a warning instead of failing if the global $wgDebugAPI
         * is set to true. Otherwise behaves exactly as dieUsageMsg().
         * @param array|string|MessageSpecifier $error Element of a getUserPermissionsErrors()-style array
         * @throws UsageException
         * @since 1.21
         */
        public function dieUsageMsgOrDebug( $error ) {
                if ( $this->getConfig()->get( 'DebugAPI' ) !== true ) {
                        $this->dieUsageMsg( $error );
                }

                if ( is_string( $error ) ) {
                        $error = [ $error ];
                }
                $parsed = $this->parseMsg( $error );
                $this->setWarning( '$wgDebugAPI: ' . $parsed['code'] . ' - ' . $parsed['info'] );
        }

        /**
         * Die with the $prefix.'badcontinue' error. This call is common enough to
         * make it into the base method.
         * @param bool $condition Will only die if this value is true
         * @throws UsageException
         * @since 1.21
         */
        protected function dieContinueUsageIf( $condition ) {
                if ( $condition ) {
                        $this->dieUsage(
                                'Invalid continue param. You should pass the original value returned by the previous query',
                                'badcontinue' );
                }
        }

        /**
         * Return the error message related to a certain array
         * @param array|string|MessageSpecifier $error Element of a getUserPermissionsErrors()-style array
         * @return [ 'code' => code, 'info' => info ]
         */
        public function parseMsg( $error ) {
                // Check whether someone passed the whole array, instead of one element as
                // documented. This breaks if it's actually an array of fallback keys, but
                // that's long-standing misbehavior introduced in r87627 to incorrectly
                // fix T30797.
                if ( is_array( $error ) ) {
                        $first = reset( $error );
                        if ( is_array( $first ) ) {
                                wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ' was passed an array of arrays. ' . wfGetAllCallers( 5 ) );
                                $error = $first;
                        }
                }

                $msg = Message::newFromSpecifier( $error );

                if ( $msg instanceof IApiMessage ) {
                        return [
                                'code' => $msg->getApiCode(),
                                'info' => $msg->inLanguage( 'en' )->useDatabase( false )->text(),
                                'data' => $msg->getApiData()
                        ];
                }

                $key = $msg->getKey();
                if ( isset( self::$messageMap[$key] ) ) {
                        $params = $msg->getParams();
                        return [
                                'code' => wfMsgReplaceArgs( self::$messageMap[$key]['code'], $params ),
                                'info' => wfMsgReplaceArgs( self::$messageMap[$key]['info'], $params )
                        ];
                }

                // If the key isn't present, throw an "unknown error"
                return $this->parseMsg( [ 'unknownerror', $key ] );
        }

        /**
         * Internal code errors should be reported with this method
         * @param string $method Method or function name
         * @param string $message Error message
         * @throws MWException always
         */
        protected static function dieDebug( $method, $message ) {
                throw new MWException( "Internal error in $method: $message" );
        }

        /**
         * Write logging information for API features to a debug log, for usage
         * analysis.
         * @param string $feature Feature being used.
         */
        public function logFeatureUsage( $feature ) {
                $request = $this->getRequest();
                $s = '"' . addslashes( $feature ) . '"' .
                        ' "' . wfUrlencode( str_replace( ' ', '_', $this->getUser()->getName() ) ) . '"' .
                        ' "' . $request->getIP() . '"' .
                        ' "' . addslashes( $request->getHeader( 'Referer' ) ) . '"' .
                        ' "' . addslashes( $this->getMain()->getUserAgent() ) . '"';
                wfDebugLog( 'api-feature-usage', $s, 'private' );
        }

        /**@}*/

        /************************************************************************//**
         * @name   Help message generation
         * @{
         */

        /**
         * Return the description message.
         *
         * @return string|array|Message
         */
        protected function getDescriptionMessage() {
                return "apihelp-{$this->getModulePath()}-description";
        }

        /**
         * Get final module description, after hooks have had a chance to tweak it as
         * needed.
         *
         * @since 1.25, returns Message[] rather than string[]
         * @return Message[]
         */
        public function getFinalDescription() {
                $desc = $this->getDescription();
                Hooks::run( 'APIGetDescription', [ &$this, &$desc ] );
                $desc = self::escapeWikiText( $desc );
                if ( is_array( $desc ) ) {
                        $desc = implode( "\n", $desc );
                } else {
                        $desc = (string)$desc;
                }

                $msg = ApiBase::makeMessage( $this->getDescriptionMessage(), $this->getContext(), [
                        $this->getModulePrefix(),
                        $this->getModuleName(),
                        $this->getModulePath(),
                ] );
                if ( !$msg->exists() ) {
                        $msg = $this->msg( 'api-help-fallback-description', $desc );
                }
                $msgs = [ $msg ];

                Hooks::run( 'APIGetDescriptionMessages', [ $this, &$msgs ] );

                return $msgs;
        }

        /**
         * Get final list of parameters, after hooks have had a chance to
         * tweak it as needed.
         *
         * @param int $flags Zero or more flags like GET_VALUES_FOR_HELP
         * @return array|bool False on no parameters
         * @since 1.21 $flags param added
         */
        public function getFinalParams( $flags = 0 ) {
                $params = $this->getAllowedParams( $flags );
                if ( !$params ) {
                        $params = [];
                }

                if ( $this->needsToken() ) {
                        $params['token'] = [
                                ApiBase::PARAM_TYPE => 'string',
                                ApiBase::PARAM_REQUIRED => true,
                                ApiBase::PARAM_HELP_MSG => [
                                        'api-help-param-token',
                                        $this->needsToken(),
                                ],
                        ] + ( isset( $params['token'] ) ? $params['token'] : [] );
                }

                Hooks::run( 'APIGetAllowedParams', [ &$this, &$params, $flags ] );

                return $params;
        }

        /**
         * Get final parameter descriptions, after hooks have had a chance to tweak it as
         * needed.
         *
         * @since 1.25, returns array of Message[] rather than array of string[]
         * @return array Keys are parameter names, values are arrays of Message objects
         */
        public function getFinalParamDescription() {
                $prefix = $this->getModulePrefix();
                $name = $this->getModuleName();
                $path = $this->getModulePath();

                $desc = $this->getParamDescription();
                Hooks::run( 'APIGetParamDescription', [ &$this, &$desc ] );

                if ( !$desc ) {
                        $desc = [];
                }
                $desc = self::escapeWikiText( $desc );

                $params = $this->getFinalParams( ApiBase::GET_VALUES_FOR_HELP );
                $msgs = [];
                foreach ( $params as $param => $settings ) {
                        if ( !is_array( $settings ) ) {
                                $settings = [];
                        }

                        $d = isset( $desc[$param] ) ? $desc[$param] : '';
                        if ( is_array( $d ) ) {
                                // Special handling for prop parameters
                                $d = array_map( function ( $line ) {
                                        if ( preg_match( '/^\s+(\S+)\s+-\s+(.+)$/', $line, $m ) ) {
                                                $line = "\n;{$m[1]}:{$m[2]}";
                                        }
                                        return $line;
                                }, $d );
                                $d = implode( ' ', $d );
                        }

                        if ( isset( $settings[ApiBase::PARAM_HELP_MSG] ) ) {
                                $msg = $settings[ApiBase::PARAM_HELP_MSG];
                        } else {
                                $msg = $this->msg( "apihelp-{$path}-param-{$param}" );
                                if ( !$msg->exists() ) {
                                        $msg = $this->msg( 'api-help-fallback-parameter', $d );
                                }
                        }
                        $msg = ApiBase::makeMessage( $msg, $this->getContext(),
                                [ $prefix, $param, $name, $path ] );
                        if ( !$msg ) {
                                self::dieDebug( __METHOD__,
                                        'Value in ApiBase::PARAM_HELP_MSG is not valid' );
                        }
                        $msgs[$param] = [ $msg ];

                        if ( isset( $settings[ApiBase::PARAM_HELP_MSG_PER_VALUE] ) ) {
                                if ( !is_array( $settings[ApiBase::PARAM_HELP_MSG_PER_VALUE] ) ) {
                                        self::dieDebug( __METHOD__,
                                                'ApiBase::PARAM_HELP_MSG_PER_VALUE is not valid' );
                                }
                                if ( !is_array( $settings[ApiBase::PARAM_TYPE] ) ) {
                                        self::dieDebug( __METHOD__,
                                                'ApiBase::PARAM_HELP_MSG_PER_VALUE may only be used when ' .
                                                'ApiBase::PARAM_TYPE is an array' );
                                }

                                $valueMsgs = $settings[ApiBase::PARAM_HELP_MSG_PER_VALUE];
                                foreach ( $settings[ApiBase::PARAM_TYPE] as $value ) {
                                        if ( isset( $valueMsgs[$value] ) ) {
                                                $msg = $valueMsgs[$value];
                                        } else {
                                                $msg = "apihelp-{$path}-paramvalue-{$param}-{$value}";
                                        }
                                        $m = ApiBase::makeMessage( $msg, $this->getContext(),
                                                [ $prefix, $param, $name, $path, $value ] );
                                        if ( $m ) {
                                                $m = new ApiHelpParamValueMessage(
                                                        $value,
                                                        [ $m->getKey(), 'api-help-param-no-description' ],
                                                        $m->getParams()
                                                );
                                                $msgs[$param][] = $m->setContext( $this->getContext() );
                                        } else {
                                                self::dieDebug( __METHOD__,
                                                        "Value in ApiBase::PARAM_HELP_MSG_PER_VALUE for $value is not valid" );
                                        }
                                }
                        }

                        if ( isset( $settings[ApiBase::PARAM_HELP_MSG_APPEND] ) ) {
                                if ( !is_array( $settings[ApiBase::PARAM_HELP_MSG_APPEND] ) ) {
                                        self::dieDebug( __METHOD__,
                                                'Value for ApiBase::PARAM_HELP_MSG_APPEND is not an array' );
                                }
                                foreach ( $settings[ApiBase::PARAM_HELP_MSG_APPEND] as $m ) {
                                        $m = ApiBase::makeMessage( $m, $this->getContext(),
                                                [ $prefix, $param, $name, $path ] );
                                        if ( $m ) {
                                                $msgs[$param][] = $m;
                                        } else {
                                                self::dieDebug( __METHOD__,
                                                        'Value in ApiBase::PARAM_HELP_MSG_APPEND is not valid' );
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                }

                Hooks::run( 'APIGetParamDescriptionMessages', [ $this, &$msgs ] );

                return $msgs;
        }

        /**
         * Generates the list of flags for the help screen and for action=paraminfo
         *
         * Corresponding messages: api-help-flag-deprecated,
         * api-help-flag-internal, api-help-flag-readrights,
         * api-help-flag-writerights, api-help-flag-mustbeposted
         *
         * @return string[]
         */
        protected function getHelpFlags() {
                $flags = [];

                if ( $this->isDeprecated() ) {
                        $flags[] = 'deprecated';
                }
                if ( $this->isInternal() ) {
                        $flags[] = 'internal';
                }
                if ( $this->isReadMode() ) {
                        $flags[] = 'readrights';
                }
                if ( $this->isWriteMode() ) {
                        $flags[] = 'writerights';
                }
                if ( $this->mustBePosted() ) {
                        $flags[] = 'mustbeposted';
                }

                return $flags;
        }

        /**
         * Returns information about the source of this module, if known
         *
         * Returned array is an array with the following keys:
         * - path: Install path
         * - name: Extension name, or "MediaWiki" for core
         * - namemsg: (optional) i18n message key for a display name
         * - license-name: (optional) Name of license
         *
         * @return array|null
         */
        protected function getModuleSourceInfo() {
                global $IP;

                if ( $this->mModuleSource !== false ) {
                        return $this->mModuleSource;
                }

                // First, try to find where the module comes from...
                $rClass = new ReflectionClass( $this );
                $path = $rClass->getFileName();
                if ( !$path ) {
                        // No path known?
                        $this->mModuleSource = null;
                        return null;
                }
                $path = realpath( $path ) ?: $path;

                // Build map of extension directories to extension info
                if ( self::$extensionInfo === null ) {
                        $extDir = $this->getConfig()->get( 'ExtensionDirectory' );
                        self::$extensionInfo = [
                                realpath( __DIR__ ) ?: __DIR__ => [
                                        'path' => $IP,
                                        'name' => 'MediaWiki',
                                        'license-name' => 'GPL-2.0+',
                                ],
                                realpath( "$IP/extensions" ) ?: "$IP/extensions" => null,
                                realpath( $extDir ) ?: $extDir => null,
                        ];
                        $keep = [
                                'path' => null,
                                'name' => null,
                                'namemsg' => null,
                                'license-name' => null,
                        ];
                        foreach ( $this->getConfig()->get( 'ExtensionCredits' ) as $group ) {
                                foreach ( $group as $ext ) {
                                        if ( !isset( $ext['path'] ) || !isset( $ext['name'] ) ) {
                                                // This shouldn't happen, but does anyway.
                                                continue;
                                        }

                                        $extpath = $ext['path'];
                                        if ( !is_dir( $extpath ) ) {
                                                $extpath = dirname( $extpath );
                                        }
                                        self::$extensionInfo[realpath( $extpath ) ?: $extpath] =
                                                array_intersect_key( $ext, $keep );
                                }
                        }
                        foreach ( ExtensionRegistry::getInstance()->getAllThings() as $ext ) {
                                $extpath = $ext['path'];
                                if ( !is_dir( $extpath ) ) {
                                        $extpath = dirname( $extpath );
                                }
                                self::$extensionInfo[realpath( $extpath ) ?: $extpath] =
                                        array_intersect_key( $ext, $keep );
                        }
                }

                // Now traverse parent directories until we find a match or run out of
                // parents.
                do {
                        if ( array_key_exists( $path, self::$extensionInfo ) ) {
                                // Found it!
                                $this->mModuleSource = self::$extensionInfo[$path];
                                return $this->mModuleSource;
                        }

                        $oldpath = $path;
                        $path = dirname( $path );
                } while ( $path !== $oldpath );

                // No idea what extension this might be.
                $this->mModuleSource = null;
                return null;
        }

        /**
         * Called from ApiHelp before the pieces are joined together and returned.
         *
         * This exists mainly for ApiMain to add the Permissions and Credits
         * sections. Other modules probably don't need it.
         *
         * @param string[] &$help Array of help data
         * @param array $options Options passed to ApiHelp::getHelp
         * @param array &$tocData If a TOC is being generated, this array has keys
         *   as anchors in the page and values as for Linker::generateTOC().
         */
        public function modifyHelp( array &$help, array $options, array &$tocData ) {
        }

        /**@}*/

        /************************************************************************//**
         * @name   Deprecated
         * @{
         */

        /**
         * Returns the description string for this module
         *
         * Ignored if an i18n message exists for
         * "apihelp-{$this->getModulePath()}-description".
         *
         * @deprecated since 1.25
         * @return Message|string|array
         */
        protected function getDescription() {
                return false;
        }

        /**
         * Returns an array of parameter descriptions.
         *
         * For each parameter, ignored if an i18n message exists for the parameter.
         * By default that message is
         * "apihelp-{$this->getModulePath()}-param-{$param}", but it may be
         * overridden using ApiBase::PARAM_HELP_MSG in the data returned by
         * self::getFinalParams().
         *
         * @deprecated since 1.25
         * @return array|bool False on no parameter descriptions
         */
        protected function getParamDescription() {
                return [];
        }

        /**
         * Returns usage examples for this module.
         *
         * Return value as an array is either:
         *  - numeric keys with partial URLs ("api.php?" plus a query string) as
         *    values
         *  - sequential numeric keys with even-numbered keys being display-text
         *    and odd-numbered keys being partial urls
         *  - partial URLs as keys with display-text (string or array-to-be-joined)
         *    as values
         * Return value as a string is the same as an array with a numeric key and
         * that value, and boolean false means "no examples".
         *
         * @deprecated since 1.25, use getExamplesMessages() instead
         * @return bool|string|array
         */
        protected function getExamples() {
                return false;
        }

        /**
         * @deprecated since 1.25, always returns empty string
         * @param IDatabase|bool $db
         * @return string
         */
        public function getModuleProfileName( $db = false ) {
                wfDeprecated( __METHOD__, '1.25' );
                return '';
        }

        /**
         * @deprecated since 1.25
         */
        public function profileIn() {
                // No wfDeprecated() yet because extensions call this and might need to
                // keep doing so for BC.
        }

        /**
         * @deprecated since 1.25
         */
        public function profileOut() {
                // No wfDeprecated() yet because extensions call this and might need to
                // keep doing so for BC.
        }

        /**
         * @deprecated since 1.25
         */
        public function safeProfileOut() {
                wfDeprecated( __METHOD__, '1.25' );
        }

        /**
         * @deprecated since 1.25, always returns 0
         * @return float
         */
        public function getProfileTime() {
                wfDeprecated( __METHOD__, '1.25' );
                return 0;
        }

        /**
         * @deprecated since 1.25
         */
        public function profileDBIn() {
                wfDeprecated( __METHOD__, '1.25' );
        }

        /**
         * @deprecated since 1.25
         */
        public function profileDBOut() {
                wfDeprecated( __METHOD__, '1.25' );
        }

        /**
         * @deprecated since 1.25, always returns 0
         * @return float
         */
        public function getProfileDBTime() {
                wfDeprecated( __METHOD__, '1.25' );
                return 0;
        }

        /**
         * Call wfTransactionalTimeLimit() if this request was POSTed
         * @since 1.26
         */
        protected function useTransactionalTimeLimit() {
                if ( $this->getRequest()->wasPosted() ) {
                        wfTransactionalTimeLimit();
                }
        }

        /**@}*/
}

/**
 * For really cool vim folding this needs to be at the end:
 * vim: foldmarker=@{,@} foldmethod=marker
 */