includes/db/LoadBalancer.php

   1 <?php
   2 /**
   3  * Database load balancing.
   4  *
   5  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   6  * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   7  * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
   8  * (at your option) any later version.
   9  *
  10  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  11  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  12  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
  13  * GNU General Public License for more details.
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
  16  * with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
  17  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
  18  * http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html
  19  *
  20  * @file
  21  * @ingroup Database
  22  */
  23
  24 /**
  25  * Database load balancing object
  26  *
  27  * @todo document
  28  * @ingroup Database
  29  */
  30 class LoadBalancer {
  31         /** @var array[] Map of (server index => server config array) */
  32         private $mServers;
  33         /** @var array[] Map of (local/foreignUsed/foreignFree => server index => DatabaseBase array) */
  34         private $mConns;
  35         /** @var array Map of (server index => weight) */
  36         private $mLoads;
  37         /** @var array[] Map of (group => server index => weight) */
  38         private $mGroupLoads;
  39         /** @var bool Whether to disregard slave lag as a factor in slave selection */
  40         private $mAllowLagged;
  41         /** @var integer Seconds to spend waiting on slave lag to resolve */
  42         private $mWaitTimeout;
  43
  44         /** @var array LBFactory information */
  45         private $mParentInfo;
  46         /** @var string The LoadMonitor subclass name */
  47         private $mLoadMonitorClass;
  48         /** @var LoadMonitor */
  49         private $mLoadMonitor;
  50
  51         /** @var bool|DatabaseBase Database connection that caused a problem */
  52         private $mErrorConnection;
  53         /** @var integer The generic (not query grouped) slave index (of $mServers) */
  54         private $mReadIndex;
  55         /** @var bool|DBMasterPos False if not set */
  56         private $mWaitForPos;
  57         /** @var bool Whether the generic reader fell back to a lagged slave */
  58         private $mLaggedSlaveMode;
  59         /** @var string The last DB selection or connection error */
  60         private $mLastError = 'Unknown error';
  61         /** @var ProcessCacheLRU */
  62         private $mProcCache;
  63
  64         /**
  65          * @param array $params Array with keys:
  66          *   servers           Required. Array of server info structures.
  67          *   loadMonitor       Name of a class used to fetch server lag and load.
  68          * @throws MWException
  69          */
  70         public function __construct( array $params ) {
  71                 if ( !isset( $params['servers'] ) ) {
  72                         throw new MWException( __CLASS__ . ': missing servers parameter' );
  73                 }
  74                 $this->mServers = $params['servers'];
  75                 $this->mWaitTimeout = 10;
  76
  77                 $this->mReadIndex = -1;
  78                 $this->mWriteIndex = -1;
  79                 $this->mConns = array(
  80                         'local' => array(),
  81                         'foreignUsed' => array(),
  82                         'foreignFree' => array() );
  83                 $this->mLoads = array();
  84                 $this->mWaitForPos = false;
  85                 $this->mLaggedSlaveMode = false;
  86                 $this->mErrorConnection = false;
  87                 $this->mAllowLagged = false;
  88
  89                 if ( isset( $params['loadMonitor'] ) ) {
  90                         $this->mLoadMonitorClass = $params['loadMonitor'];
  91                 } else {
  92                         $master = reset( $params['servers'] );
  93                         if ( isset( $master['type'] ) && $master['type'] === 'mysql' ) {
  94                                 $this->mLoadMonitorClass = 'LoadMonitorMySQL';
  95                         } else {
  96                                 $this->mLoadMonitorClass = 'LoadMonitorNull';
  97                         }
  98                 }
  99
 100                 foreach ( $params['servers'] as $i => $server ) {
 101                         $this->mLoads[$i] = $server['load'];
 102                         if ( isset( $server['groupLoads'] ) ) {
 103                                 foreach ( $server['groupLoads'] as $group => $ratio ) {
 104                                         if ( !isset( $this->mGroupLoads[$group] ) ) {
 105                                                 $this->mGroupLoads[$group] = array();
 106                                         }
 107                                         $this->mGroupLoads[$group][$i] = $ratio;
 108                                 }
 109                         }
 110                 }
 111
 112                 $this->mProcCache = new ProcessCacheLRU( 30 );
 113         }
 114
 115         /**
 116          * Get a LoadMonitor instance
 117          *
 118          * @return LoadMonitor
 119          */
 120         private function getLoadMonitor() {
 121                 if ( !isset( $this->mLoadMonitor ) ) {
 122                         $class = $this->mLoadMonitorClass;
 123                         $this->mLoadMonitor = new $class( $this );
 124                 }
 125
 126                 return $this->mLoadMonitor;
 127         }
 128
 129         /**
 130          * Get or set arbitrary data used by the parent object, usually an LBFactory
 131          * @param mixed $x
 132          * @return mixed
 133          */
 134         public function parentInfo( $x = null ) {
 135                 return wfSetVar( $this->mParentInfo, $x );
 136         }
 137
 138         /**
 139          * Given an array of non-normalised probabilities, this function will select
 140          * an element and return the appropriate key
 141          *
 142          * @deprecated since 1.21, use ArrayUtils::pickRandom()
 143          *
 144          * @param array $weights
 145          * @return bool|int|string
 146          */
 147         public function pickRandom( array $weights ) {
 148                 return ArrayUtils::pickRandom( $weights );
 149         }
 150
 151         /**
 152          * @param array $loads
 153          * @param bool|string $wiki Wiki to get non-lagged for
 154          * @param float $maxLag Restrict the maximum allowed lag to this many seconds
 155          * @return bool|int|string
 156          */
 157         private function getRandomNonLagged( array $loads, $wiki = false, $maxLag = INF ) {
 158                 $lags = $this->getLagTimes( $wiki );
 159
 160                 # Unset excessively lagged servers
 161                 foreach ( $lags as $i => $lag ) {
 162                         if ( $i != 0 ) {
 163                                 $maxServerLag = $maxLag;
 164                                 if ( isset( $this->mServers[$i]['max lag'] ) ) {
 165                                         $maxServerLag = min( $maxServerLag, $this->mServers[$i]['max lag'] );
 166                                 }
 167                                 if ( $lag === false ) {
 168                                         wfDebugLog( 'replication', "Server #$i is not replicating" );
 169                                         unset( $loads[$i] );
 170                                 } elseif ( $lag > $maxServerLag ) {
 171                                         wfDebugLog( 'replication', "Server #$i is excessively lagged ($lag seconds)" );
 172                                         unset( $loads[$i] );
 173                                 }
 174                         }
 175                 }
 176
 177                 # Find out if all the slaves with non-zero load are lagged
 178                 $sum = 0;
 179                 foreach ( $loads as $load ) {
 180                         $sum += $load;
 181                 }
 182                 if ( $sum == 0 ) {
 183                         # No appropriate DB servers except maybe the master and some slaves with zero load
 184                         # Do NOT use the master
 185                         # Instead, this function will return false, triggering read-only mode,
 186                         # and a lagged slave will be used instead.
 187                         return false;
 188                 }
 189
 190                 if ( count( $loads ) == 0 ) {
 191                         return false;
 192                 }
 193
 194                 #wfDebugLog( 'connect', var_export( $loads, true ) );
 195
 196                 # Return a random representative of the remainder
 197                 return ArrayUtils::pickRandom( $loads );
 198         }
 199
 200         /**
 201          * Get the index of the reader connection, which may be a slave
 202          * This takes into account load ratios and lag times. It should
 203          * always return a consistent index during a given invocation
 204          *
 205          * Side effect: opens connections to databases
 206          * @param string|bool $group Query group, or false for the generic reader
 207          * @param string|bool $wiki Wiki ID, or false for the current wiki
 208          * @throws MWException
 209          * @return bool|int|string
 210          */
 211         public function getReaderIndex( $group = false, $wiki = false ) {
 212                 global $wgReadOnly, $wgDBtype;
 213
 214                 # @todo FIXME: For now, only go through all this for mysql databases
 215                 if ( $wgDBtype != 'mysql' ) {
 216                         return $this->getWriterIndex();
 217                 }
 218
 219                 if ( count( $this->mServers ) == 1 ) {
 220                         # Skip the load balancing if there's only one server
 221                         return 0;
 222                 } elseif ( $group === false && $this->mReadIndex >= 0 ) {
 223                         # Shortcut if generic reader exists already
 224                         return $this->mReadIndex;
 225                 }
 226
 227                 # Find the relevant load array
 228                 if ( $group !== false ) {
 229                         if ( isset( $this->mGroupLoads[$group] ) ) {
 230                                 $nonErrorLoads = $this->mGroupLoads[$group];
 231                         } else {
 232                                 # No loads for this group, return false and the caller can use some other group
 233                                 wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": no loads for group $group\n" );
 234
 235                                 return false;
 236                         }
 237                 } else {
 238                         $nonErrorLoads = $this->mLoads;
 239                 }
 240
 241                 if ( !count( $nonErrorLoads ) ) {
 242                         throw new MWException( "Empty server array given to LoadBalancer" );
 243                 }
 244
 245                 # Scale the configured load ratios according to the dynamic load (if the load monitor supports it)
 246                 $this->getLoadMonitor()->scaleLoads( $nonErrorLoads, $group, $wiki );
 247
 248                 $laggedSlaveMode = false;
 249
 250                 # No server found yet
 251                 $i = false;
 252                 # First try quickly looking through the available servers for a server that
 253                 # meets our criteria
 254                 $currentLoads = $nonErrorLoads;
 255                 while ( count( $currentLoads ) ) {
 256                         if ( $wgReadOnly || $this->mAllowLagged || $laggedSlaveMode ) {
 257                                 $i = ArrayUtils::pickRandom( $currentLoads );
 258                         } else {
 259                                 $i = false;
 260                                 if ( $this->mWaitForPos && $this->mWaitForPos->asOfTime() ) {
 261                                         # ChronologyProtecter causes mWaitForPos to be set via sessions.
 262                                         # This triggers doWait() after connect, so it's especially good to
 263                                         # avoid lagged servers so as to avoid just blocking in that method.
 264                                         $ago = microtime( true ) - $this->mWaitForPos->asOfTime();
 265                                         # Aim for <= 1 second of waiting (being too picky can backfire)
 266                                         $i = $this->getRandomNonLagged( $currentLoads, $wiki, $ago + 1 );
 267                                 }
 268                                 if ( $i === false ) {
 269                                         # Any server with less lag than it's 'max lag' param is preferable
 270                                         $i = $this->getRandomNonLagged( $currentLoads, $wiki );
 271                                 }
 272                                 if ( $i === false && count( $currentLoads ) != 0 ) {
 273                                         # All slaves lagged. Switch to read-only mode
 274                                         wfDebugLog( 'replication', "All slaves lagged. Switch to read-only mode" );
 275                                         $wgReadOnly = 'The database has been automatically locked ' .
 276                                                 'while the slave database servers catch up to the master';
 277                                         $i = ArrayUtils::pickRandom( $currentLoads );
 278                                         $laggedSlaveMode = true;
 279                                 }
 280                         }
 281
 282                         if ( $i === false ) {
 283                                 # pickRandom() returned false
 284                                 # This is permanent and means the configuration or the load monitor
 285                                 # wants us to return false.
 286                                 wfDebugLog( 'connect', __METHOD__ . ": pickRandom() returned false" );
 287
 288                                 return false;
 289                         }
 290
 291                         wfDebugLog( 'connect', __METHOD__ .
 292                                 ": Using reader #$i: {$this->mServers[$i]['host']}..." );
 293
 294                         $conn = $this->openConnection( $i, $wiki );
 295                         if ( !$conn ) {
 296                                 wfDebugLog( 'connect', __METHOD__ . ": Failed connecting to $i/$wiki" );
 297                                 unset( $nonErrorLoads[$i] );
 298                                 unset( $currentLoads[$i] );
 299                                 $i = false;
 300                                 continue;
 301                         }
 302
 303                         // Decrement reference counter, we are finished with this connection.
 304                         // It will be incremented for the caller later.
 305                         if ( $wiki !== false ) {
 306                                 $this->reuseConnection( $conn );
 307                         }
 308
 309                         # Return this server
 310                         break;
 311                 }
 312
 313                 # If all servers were down, quit now
 314                 if ( !count( $nonErrorLoads ) ) {
 315                         wfDebugLog( 'connect', "All servers down" );
 316                 }
 317
 318                 if ( $i !== false ) {
 319                         # Slave connection successful
 320                         # Wait for the session master pos for a short time
 321                         if ( $this->mWaitForPos && $i > 0 ) {
 322                                 if ( !$this->doWait( $i ) ) {
 323                                         $this->mServers[$i]['slave pos'] = $conn->getSlavePos();
 324                                 }
 325                         }
 326                         if ( $this->mReadIndex <= 0 && $this->mLoads[$i] > 0 && $group !== false ) {
 327                                 $this->mReadIndex = $i;
 328                         }
 329                 }
 330
 331                 return $i;
 332         }
 333
 334         /**
 335          * Set the master wait position
 336          * If a DB_SLAVE connection has been opened already, waits
 337          * Otherwise sets a variable telling it to wait if such a connection is opened
 338          * @param DBMasterPos $pos
 339          */
 340         public function waitFor( $pos ) {
 341                 $this->mWaitForPos = $pos;
 342                 $i = $this->mReadIndex;
 343
 344                 if ( $i > 0 ) {
 345                         if ( !$this->doWait( $i ) ) {
 346                                 $this->mServers[$i]['slave pos'] = $this->getAnyOpenConnection( $i )->getSlavePos();
 347                                 $this->mLaggedSlaveMode = true;
 348                         }
 349                 }
 350         }
 351
 352         /**
 353          * Set the master wait position and wait for ALL slaves to catch up to it
 354          * @param DBMasterPos $pos
 355          * @param int $timeout Max seconds to wait; default is mWaitTimeout
 356          * @return bool Success (able to connect and no timeouts reached)
 357          */
 358         public function waitForAll( $pos, $timeout = null ) {
 359                 $this->mWaitForPos = $pos;
 360                 $serverCount = count( $this->mServers );
 361
 362                 $ok = true;
 363                 for ( $i = 1; $i < $serverCount; $i++ ) {
 364                         if ( $this->mLoads[$i] > 0 ) {
 365                                 $ok = $this->doWait( $i, true, $timeout ) && $ok;
 366                         }
 367                 }
 368
 369                 return $ok;
 370         }
 371
 372         /**
 373          * Get any open connection to a given server index, local or foreign
 374          * Returns false if there is no connection open
 375          *
 376          * @param int $i
 377          * @return DatabaseBase|bool False on failure
 378          */
 379         public function getAnyOpenConnection( $i ) {
 380                 foreach ( $this->mConns as $conns ) {
 381                         if ( !empty( $conns[$i] ) ) {
 382                                 return reset( $conns[$i] );
 383                         }
 384                 }
 385
 386                 return false;
 387         }
 388
 389         /**
 390          * Wait for a given slave to catch up to the master pos stored in $this
 391          * @param int $index Server index
 392          * @param bool $open Check the server even if a new connection has to be made
 393          * @param int $timeout Max seconds to wait; default is mWaitTimeout
 394          * @return bool
 395          */
 396         protected function doWait( $index, $open = false, $timeout = null ) {
 397                 $close = false; // close the connection afterwards
 398
 399                 # Find a connection to wait on, creating one if needed and allowed
 400                 $conn = $this->getAnyOpenConnection( $index );
 401                 if ( !$conn ) {
 402                         if ( !$open ) {
 403                                 wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": no connection open\n" );
 404
 405                                 return false;
 406                         } else {
 407                                 $conn = $this->openConnection( $index, '' );
 408                                 if ( !$conn ) {
 409                                         wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": failed to open connection\n" );
 410
 411                                         return false;
 412                                 }
 413                                 // Avoid connection spam in waitForAll() when connections
 414                                 // are made just for the sake of doing this lag check.
 415                                 $close = true;
 416                         }
 417                 }
 418
 419                 wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": Waiting for slave #$index to catch up...\n" );
 420                 $timeout = $timeout ?: $this->mWaitTimeout;
 421                 $result = $conn->masterPosWait( $this->mWaitForPos, $timeout );
 422
 423                 if ( $result == -1 || is_null( $result ) ) {
 424                         # Timed out waiting for slave, use master instead
 425                         $server = $this->mServers[$index]['host'];
 426                         $msg = __METHOD__ . ": Timed out waiting on $server pos {$this->mWaitForPos}";
 427                         wfDebug( "$msg\n" );
 428                         wfDebugLog( 'DBPerformance', "$msg:\n" . wfBacktrace( true ) );
 429                         $ok = false;
 430                 } else {
 431                         wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": Done\n" );
 432                         $ok = true;
 433                 }
 434
 435                 if ( $close ) {
 436                         $this->closeConnection( $conn );
 437                 }
 438
 439                 return $ok;
 440         }
 441
 442         /**
 443          * Get a connection by index
 444          * This is the main entry point for this class.
 445          *
 446          * @param int $i Server index
 447          * @param array|string|bool $groups Query group(s), or false for the generic reader
 448          * @param string|bool $wiki Wiki ID, or false for the current wiki
 449          *
 450          * @throws MWException
 451          * @return DatabaseBase
 452          */
 453         public function getConnection( $i, $groups = array(), $wiki = false ) {
 454                 if ( $i === null || $i === false ) {
 455                         throw new MWException( 'Attempt to call ' . __METHOD__ .
 456                                 ' with invalid server index' );
 457                 }
 458
 459                 if ( $wiki === wfWikiID() ) {
 460                         $wiki = false;
 461                 }
 462
 463                 $groups = ( $groups === false || $groups === array() )
 464                         ? array( false ) // check one "group": the generic pool
 465                         : (array)$groups;
 466
 467                 if ( $i == DB_MASTER ) {
 468                         $i = $this->getWriterIndex();
 469                 } else {
 470                         # Try to find an available server in any the query groups (in order)
 471                         foreach ( $groups as $group ) {
 472                                 $groupIndex = $this->getReaderIndex( $group, $wiki );
 473                                 if ( $groupIndex !== false ) {
 474                                         $serverName = $this->getServerName( $groupIndex );
 475                                         wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": using server $serverName for group $group\n" );
 476                                         $i = $groupIndex;
 477                                         break;
 478                                 }
 479                         }
 480                 }
 481
 482                 # Operation-based index
 483                 if ( $i == DB_SLAVE ) {
 484                         $this->mLastError = 'Unknown error'; // reset error string
 485                         # Try the general server pool if $groups are unavailable.
 486                         $i = in_array( false, $groups, true )
 487                                 ? false // don't bother with this if that is what was tried above
 488                                 : $this->getReaderIndex( false, $wiki );
 489                         # Couldn't find a working server in getReaderIndex()?
 490                         if ( $i === false ) {
 491                                 $this->mLastError = 'No working slave server: ' . $this->mLastError;
 492
 493                                 return $this->reportConnectionError();
 494                         }
 495                 }
 496
 497                 # Now we have an explicit index into the servers array
 498                 $conn = $this->openConnection( $i, $wiki );
 499                 if ( !$conn ) {
 500
 501                         return $this->reportConnectionError();
 502                 }
 503
 504                 return $conn;
 505         }
 506
 507         /**
 508          * Mark a foreign connection as being available for reuse under a different
 509          * DB name or prefix. This mechanism is reference-counted, and must be called
 510          * the same number of times as getConnection() to work.
 511          *
 512          * @param DatabaseBase $conn
 513          * @throws MWException
 514          */
 515         public function reuseConnection( $conn ) {
 516                 $serverIndex = $conn->getLBInfo( 'serverIndex' );
 517                 $refCount = $conn->getLBInfo( 'foreignPoolRefCount' );
 518                 if ( $serverIndex === null || $refCount === null ) {
 519                         wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": this connection was not opened as a foreign connection\n" );
 520
 521                         /**
 522                          * This can happen in code like:
 523                          *   foreach ( $dbs as $db ) {
 524                          *     $conn = $lb->getConnection( DB_SLAVE, array(), $db );
 525                          *     ...
 526                          *     $lb->reuseConnection( $conn );
 527                          *   }
 528                          * When a connection to the local DB is opened in this way, reuseConnection()
 529                          * should be ignored
 530                          */
 531
 532                         return;
 533                 }
 534
 535                 $dbName = $conn->getDBname();
 536                 $prefix = $conn->tablePrefix();
 537                 if ( strval( $prefix ) !== '' ) {
 538                         $wiki = "$dbName-$prefix";
 539                 } else {
 540                         $wiki = $dbName;
 541                 }
 542                 if ( $this->mConns['foreignUsed'][$serverIndex][$wiki] !== $conn ) {
 543                         throw new MWException( __METHOD__ . ": connection not found, has " .
 544                                 "the connection been freed already?" );
 545                 }
 546                 $conn->setLBInfo( 'foreignPoolRefCount', --$refCount );
 547                 if ( $refCount <= 0 ) {
 548                         $this->mConns['foreignFree'][$serverIndex][$wiki] = $conn;
 549                         unset( $this->mConns['foreignUsed'][$serverIndex][$wiki] );
 550                         wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": freed connection $serverIndex/$wiki\n" );
 551                 } else {
 552                         wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": reference count for $serverIndex/$wiki reduced to $refCount\n" );
 553                 }
 554         }
 555
 556         /**
 557          * Get a database connection handle reference
 558          *
 559          * The handle's methods wrap simply wrap those of a DatabaseBase handle
 560          *
 561          * @see LoadBalancer::getConnection() for parameter information
 562          *
 563          * @param int $db
 564          * @param array|string|bool $groups Query group(s), or false for the generic reader
 565          * @param string|bool $wiki Wiki ID, or false for the current wiki
 566          * @return DBConnRef
 567          */
 568         public function getConnectionRef( $db, $groups = array(), $wiki = false ) {
 569                 return new DBConnRef( $this, $this->getConnection( $db, $groups, $wiki ) );
 570         }
 571
 572         /**
 573          * Get a database connection handle reference without connecting yet
 574          *
 575          * The handle's methods wrap simply wrap those of a DatabaseBase handle
 576          *
 577          * @see LoadBalancer::getConnection() for parameter information
 578          *
 579          * @param int $db
 580          * @param array|string|bool $groups Query group(s), or false for the generic reader
 581          * @param string|bool $wiki Wiki ID, or false for the current wiki
 582          * @return DBConnRef
 583          */
 584         public function getLazyConnectionRef( $db, $groups = array(), $wiki = false ) {
 585                 return new DBConnRef( $this, array( $db, $groups, $wiki ) );
 586         }
 587
 588         /**
 589          * Open a connection to the server given by the specified index
 590          * Index must be an actual index into the array.
 591          * If the server is already open, returns it.
 592          *
 593          * On error, returns false, and the connection which caused the
 594          * error will be available via $this->mErrorConnection.
 595          *
 596          * @param int $i Server index
 597          * @param string|bool $wiki Wiki ID, or false for the current wiki
 598          * @return DatabaseBase
 599          *
 600          * @access private
 601          */
 602         public function openConnection( $i, $wiki = false ) {
 603                 if ( $wiki !== false ) {
 604                         $conn = $this->openForeignConnection( $i, $wiki );
 605
 606                         return $conn;
 607                 }
 608                 if ( isset( $this->mConns['local'][$i][0] ) ) {
 609                         $conn = $this->mConns['local'][$i][0];
 610                 } else {
 611                         $server = $this->mServers[$i];
 612                         $server['serverIndex'] = $i;
 613                         $conn = $this->reallyOpenConnection( $server, false );
 614                         if ( $conn->isOpen() ) {
 615                                 wfDebug( "Connected to database $i at {$this->mServers[$i]['host']}\n" );
 616                                 $this->mConns['local'][$i][0] = $conn;
 617                         } else {
 618                                 wfDebug( "Failed to connect to database $i at {$this->mServers[$i]['host']}\n" );
 619                                 $this->mErrorConnection = $conn;
 620                                 $conn = false;
 621                         }
 622                 }
 623
 624                 return $conn;
 625         }
 626
 627         /**
 628          * Open a connection to a foreign DB, or return one if it is already open.
 629          *
 630          * Increments a reference count on the returned connection which locks the
 631          * connection to the requested wiki. This reference count can be
 632          * decremented by calling reuseConnection().
 633          *
 634          * If a connection is open to the appropriate server already, but with the wrong
 635          * database, it will be switched to the right database and returned, as long as
 636          * it has been freed first with reuseConnection().
 637          *
 638          * On error, returns false, and the connection which caused the
 639          * error will be available via $this->mErrorConnection.
 640          *
 641          * @param int $i Server index
 642          * @param string $wiki Wiki ID to open
 643          * @return DatabaseBase
 644          */
 645         private function openForeignConnection( $i, $wiki ) {
 646                 list( $dbName, $prefix ) = wfSplitWikiID( $wiki );
 647                 if ( isset( $this->mConns['foreignUsed'][$i][$wiki] ) ) {
 648                         // Reuse an already-used connection
 649                         $conn = $this->mConns['foreignUsed'][$i][$wiki];
 650                         wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": reusing connection $i/$wiki\n" );
 651                 } elseif ( isset( $this->mConns['foreignFree'][$i][$wiki] ) ) {
 652                         // Reuse a free connection for the same wiki
 653                         $conn = $this->mConns['foreignFree'][$i][$wiki];
 654                         unset( $this->mConns['foreignFree'][$i][$wiki] );
 655                         $this->mConns['foreignUsed'][$i][$wiki] = $conn;
 656                         wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": reusing free connection $i/$wiki\n" );
 657                 } elseif ( !empty( $this->mConns['foreignFree'][$i] ) ) {
 658                         // Reuse a connection from another wiki
 659                         $conn = reset( $this->mConns['foreignFree'][$i] );
 660                         $oldWiki = key( $this->mConns['foreignFree'][$i] );
 661
 662                         // The empty string as a DB name means "don't care".
 663                         // DatabaseMysqlBase::open() already handle this on connection.
 664                         if ( $dbName !== '' && !$conn->selectDB( $dbName ) ) {
 665                                 $this->mLastError = "Error selecting database $dbName on server " .
 666                                         $conn->getServer() . " from client host " . wfHostname() . "\n";
 667                                 $this->mErrorConnection = $conn;
 668                                 $conn = false;
 669                         } else {
 670                                 $conn->tablePrefix( $prefix );
 671                                 unset( $this->mConns['foreignFree'][$i][$oldWiki] );
 672                                 $this->mConns['foreignUsed'][$i][$wiki] = $conn;
 673                                 wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": reusing free connection from $oldWiki for $wiki\n" );
 674                         }
 675                 } else {
 676                         // Open a new connection
 677                         $server = $this->mServers[$i];
 678                         $server['serverIndex'] = $i;
 679                         $server['foreignPoolRefCount'] = 0;
 680                         $server['foreign'] = true;
 681                         $conn = $this->reallyOpenConnection( $server, $dbName );
 682                         if ( !$conn->isOpen() ) {
 683                                 wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": error opening connection for $i/$wiki\n" );
 684                                 $this->mErrorConnection = $conn;
 685                                 $conn = false;
 686                         } else {
 687                                 $conn->tablePrefix( $prefix );
 688                                 $this->mConns['foreignUsed'][$i][$wiki] = $conn;
 689                                 wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": opened new connection for $i/$wiki\n" );
 690                         }
 691                 }
 692
 693                 // Increment reference count
 694                 if ( $conn ) {
 695                         $refCount = $conn->getLBInfo( 'foreignPoolRefCount' );
 696                         $conn->setLBInfo( 'foreignPoolRefCount', $refCount + 1 );
 697                 }
 698
 699                 return $conn;
 700         }
 701
 702         /**
 703          * Test if the specified index represents an open connection
 704          *
 705          * @param int $index Server index
 706          * @access private
 707          * @return bool
 708          */
 709         private function isOpen( $index ) {
 710                 if ( !is_integer( $index ) ) {
 711                         return false;
 712                 }
 713
 714                 return (bool)$this->getAnyOpenConnection( $index );
 715         }
 716
 717         /**
 718          * Really opens a connection. Uncached.
 719          * Returns a Database object whether or not the connection was successful.
 720          * @access private
 721          *
 722          * @param array $server
 723          * @param bool $dbNameOverride
 724          * @throws MWException
 725          * @return DatabaseBase
 726          */
 727         protected function reallyOpenConnection( $server, $dbNameOverride = false ) {
 728                 if ( !is_array( $server ) ) {
 729                         throw new MWException( 'You must update your load-balancing configuration. ' .
 730                                 'See DefaultSettings.php entry for $wgDBservers.' );
 731                 }
 732
 733                 if ( $dbNameOverride !== false ) {
 734                         $server['dbname'] = $dbNameOverride;
 735                 }
 736
 737                 # Create object
 738                 try {
 739                         $db = DatabaseBase::factory( $server['type'], $server );
 740                 } catch ( DBConnectionError $e ) {
 741                         // FIXME: This is probably the ugliest thing I have ever done to
 742                         // PHP. I'm half-expecting it to segfault, just out of disgust. -- TS
 743                         $db = $e->db;
 744                 }
 745
 746                 $db->setLBInfo( $server );
 747                 if ( isset( $server['fakeSlaveLag'] ) ) {
 748                         $db->setFakeSlaveLag( $server['fakeSlaveLag'] );
 749                 }
 750                 if ( isset( $server['fakeMaster'] ) ) {
 751                         $db->setFakeMaster( true );
 752                 }
 753
 754                 return $db;
 755         }
 756
 757         /**
 758          * @throws DBConnectionError
 759          * @return bool
 760          */
 761         private function reportConnectionError() {
 762                 $conn = $this->mErrorConnection; // The connection which caused the error
 763                 $context = array(
 764                         'method' => __METHOD__,
 765                         'last_error' => $this->mLastError,
 766                 );
 767
 768                 if ( !is_object( $conn ) ) {
 769                         // No last connection, probably due to all servers being too busy
 770                         wfLogDBError(
 771                                 "LB failure with no last connection. Connection error: {last_error}",
 772                                 $context
 773                         );
 774
 775                         // If all servers were busy, mLastError will contain something sensible
 776                         throw new DBConnectionError( null, $this->mLastError );
 777                 } else {
 778                         $context['db_server'] = $conn->getProperty( 'mServer' );
 779                         wfLogDBError(
 780                                 "Connection error: {last_error} ({db_server})",
 781                                 $context
 782                         );
 783                         $conn->reportConnectionError( "{$this->mLastError} ({$context['db_server']})" ); // throws DBConnectionError
 784                 }
 785
 786                 return false; /* not reached */
 787         }
 788
 789         /**
 790          * @return int
 791          */
 792         private function getWriterIndex() {
 793                 return 0;
 794         }
 795
 796         /**
 797          * Returns true if the specified index is a valid server index
 798          *
 799          * @param string $i
 800          * @return bool
 801          */
 802         public function haveIndex( $i ) {
 803                 return array_key_exists( $i, $this->mServers );
 804         }
 805
 806         /**
 807          * Returns true if the specified index is valid and has non-zero load
 808          *
 809          * @param string $i
 810          * @return bool
 811          */
 812         public function isNonZeroLoad( $i ) {
 813                 return array_key_exists( $i, $this->mServers ) && $this->mLoads[$i] != 0;
 814         }
 815
 816         /**
 817          * Get the number of defined servers (not the number of open connections)
 818          *
 819          * @return int
 820          */
 821         public function getServerCount() {
 822                 return count( $this->mServers );
 823         }
 824
 825         /**
 826          * Get the host name or IP address of the server with the specified index
 827          * Prefer a readable name if available.
 828          * @param string $i
 829          * @return string
 830          */
 831         public function getServerName( $i ) {
 832                 if ( isset( $this->mServers[$i]['hostName'] ) ) {
 833                         return $this->mServers[$i]['hostName'];
 834                 } elseif ( isset( $this->mServers[$i]['host'] ) ) {
 835                         return $this->mServers[$i]['host'];
 836                 } else {
 837                         return '';
 838                 }
 839         }
 840
 841         /**
 842          * Return the server info structure for a given index, or false if the index is invalid.
 843          * @param int $i
 844          * @return array|bool
 845          */
 846         public function getServerInfo( $i ) {
 847                 if ( isset( $this->mServers[$i] ) ) {
 848                         return $this->mServers[$i];
 849                 } else {
 850                         return false;
 851                 }
 852         }
 853
 854         /**
 855          * Sets the server info structure for the given index. Entry at index $i
 856          * is created if it doesn't exist
 857          * @param int $i
 858          * @param array $serverInfo
 859          */
 860         public function setServerInfo( $i, array $serverInfo ) {
 861                 $this->mServers[$i] = $serverInfo;
 862         }
 863
 864         /**
 865          * Get the current master position for chronology control purposes
 866          * @return mixed
 867          */
 868         public function getMasterPos() {
 869                 # If this entire request was served from a slave without opening a connection to the
 870                 # master (however unlikely that may be), then we can fetch the position from the slave.
 871                 $masterConn = $this->getAnyOpenConnection( 0 );
 872                 if ( !$masterConn ) {
 873                         $serverCount = count( $this->mServers );
 874                         for ( $i = 1; $i < $serverCount; $i++ ) {
 875                                 $conn = $this->getAnyOpenConnection( $i );
 876                                 if ( $conn ) {
 877                                         wfDebug( "Master pos fetched from slave\n" );
 878
 879                                         return $conn->getSlavePos();
 880                                 }
 881                         }
 882                 } else {
 883                         wfDebug( "Master pos fetched from master\n" );
 884
 885                         return $masterConn->getMasterPos();
 886                 }
 887
 888                 return false;
 889         }
 890
 891         /**
 892          * Close all open connections
 893          */
 894         public function closeAll() {
 895                 foreach ( $this->mConns as $conns2 ) {
 896                         foreach ( $conns2 as $conns3 ) {
 897                                 /** @var DatabaseBase $conn */
 898                                 foreach ( $conns3 as $conn ) {
 899                                         $conn->close();
 900                                 }
 901                         }
 902                 }
 903                 $this->mConns = array(
 904                         'local' => array(),
 905                         'foreignFree' => array(),
 906                         'foreignUsed' => array(),
 907                 );
 908         }
 909
 910         /**
 911          * Close a connection
 912          * Using this function makes sure the LoadBalancer knows the connection is closed.
 913          * If you use $conn->close() directly, the load balancer won't update its state.
 914          * @param DatabaseBase $conn
 915          */
 916         public function closeConnection( $conn ) {
 917                 $done = false;
 918                 foreach ( $this->mConns as $i1 => $conns2 ) {
 919                         foreach ( $conns2 as $i2 => $conns3 ) {
 920                                 foreach ( $conns3 as $i3 => $candidateConn ) {
 921                                         if ( $conn === $candidateConn ) {
 922                                                 $conn->close();
 923                                                 unset( $this->mConns[$i1][$i2][$i3] );
 924                                                 $done = true;
 925                                                 break;
 926                                         }
 927                                 }
 928                         }
 929                 }
 930                 if ( !$done ) {
 931                         $conn->close();
 932                 }
 933         }
 934
 935         /**
 936          * Commit transactions on all open connections
 937          */
 938         public function commitAll() {
 939                 foreach ( $this->mConns as $conns2 ) {
 940                         foreach ( $conns2 as $conns3 ) {
 941                                 /** @var DatabaseBase[] $conns3 */
 942                                 foreach ( $conns3 as $conn ) {
 943                                         if ( $conn->trxLevel() ) {
 944                                                 $conn->commit( __METHOD__, 'flush' );
 945                                         }
 946                                 }
 947                         }
 948                 }
 949         }
 950
 951         /**
 952          *  Issue COMMIT only on master, only if queries were done on connection
 953          */
 954         public function commitMasterChanges() {
 955                 // Always 0, but who knows.. :)
 956                 $masterIndex = $this->getWriterIndex();
 957                 foreach ( $this->mConns as $conns2 ) {
 958                         if ( empty( $conns2[$masterIndex] ) ) {
 959                                 continue;
 960                         }
 961                         /** @var DatabaseBase $conn */
 962                         foreach ( $conns2[$masterIndex] as $conn ) {
 963                                 if ( $conn->trxLevel() && $conn->writesOrCallbacksPending() ) {
 964                                         $conn->commit( __METHOD__, 'flush' );
 965                                 }
 966                         }
 967                 }
 968         }
 969
 970         /**
 971          * Issue ROLLBACK only on master, only if queries were done on connection
 972          * @since 1.23
 973          */
 974         public function rollbackMasterChanges() {
 975                 // Always 0, but who knows.. :)
 976                 $masterIndex = $this->getWriterIndex();
 977                 foreach ( $this->mConns as $conns2 ) {
 978                         if ( empty( $conns2[$masterIndex] ) ) {
 979                                 continue;
 980                         }
 981                         /** @var DatabaseBase $conn */
 982                         foreach ( $conns2[$masterIndex] as $conn ) {
 983                                 if ( $conn->trxLevel() && $conn->writesOrCallbacksPending() ) {
 984                                         $conn->rollback( __METHOD__, 'flush' );
 985                                 }
 986                         }
 987                 }
 988         }
 989
 990         /**
 991          * @return bool Whether a master connection is already open
 992          * @since 1.24
 993          */
 994         public function hasMasterConnection() {
 995                 return $this->isOpen( $this->getWriterIndex() );
 996         }
 997
 998         /**
 999          * Determine if there are any pending changes that need to be rolled back
1000          * or committed.
1001          * @since 1.23
1002          * @return bool
1003          */
1004         public function hasMasterChanges() {
1005                 // Always 0, but who knows.. :)
1006                 $masterIndex = $this->getWriterIndex();
1007                 foreach ( $this->mConns as $conns2 ) {
1008                         if ( empty( $conns2[$masterIndex] ) ) {
1009                                 continue;
1010                         }
1011                         /** @var DatabaseBase $conn */
1012                         foreach ( $conns2[$masterIndex] as $conn ) {
1013                                 if ( $conn->trxLevel() && $conn->writesOrCallbacksPending() ) {
1014                                         return true;
1015                                 }
1016                         }
1017                 }
1018                 return false;
1019         }
1020
1021         /**
1022          * @param mixed $value
1023          * @return mixed
1024          */
1025         public function waitTimeout( $value = null ) {
1026                 return wfSetVar( $this->mWaitTimeout, $value );
1027         }
1028
1029         /**
1030          * @return bool
1031          */
1032         public function getLaggedSlaveMode() {
1033                 return $this->mLaggedSlaveMode;
1034         }
1035
1036         /**
1037          * Disables/enables lag checks
1038          * @param null|bool $mode
1039          * @return bool
1040          */
1041         public function allowLagged( $mode = null ) {
1042                 if ( $mode === null ) {
1043                         return $this->mAllowLagged;
1044                 }
1045                 $this->mAllowLagged = $mode;
1046
1047                 return $this->mAllowLagged;
1048         }
1049
1050         /**
1051          * @return bool
1052          */
1053         public function pingAll() {
1054                 $success = true;
1055                 foreach ( $this->mConns as $conns2 ) {
1056                         foreach ( $conns2 as $conns3 ) {
1057                                 /** @var DatabaseBase[] $conns3 */
1058                                 foreach ( $conns3 as $conn ) {
1059                                         if ( !$conn->ping() ) {
1060                                                 $success = false;
1061                                         }
1062                                 }
1063                         }
1064                 }
1065
1066                 return $success;
1067         }
1068
1069         /**
1070          * Call a function with each open connection object
1071          * @param callable $callback
1072          * @param array $params
1073          */
1074         public function forEachOpenConnection( $callback, array $params = array() ) {
1075                 foreach ( $this->mConns as $conns2 ) {
1076                         foreach ( $conns2 as $conns3 ) {
1077                                 foreach ( $conns3 as $conn ) {
1078                                         $mergedParams = array_merge( array( $conn ), $params );
1079                                         call_user_func_array( $callback, $mergedParams );
1080                                 }
1081                         }
1082                 }
1083         }
1084
1085         /**
1086          * Get the hostname and lag time of the most-lagged slave
1087          *
1088          * This is useful for maintenance scripts that need to throttle their updates.
1089          * May attempt to open connections to slaves on the default DB. If there is
1090          * no lag, the maximum lag will be reported as -1.
1091          *
1092          * @param bool|string $wiki Wiki ID, or false for the default database
1093          * @return array ( host, max lag, index of max lagged host )
1094          */
1095         public function getMaxLag( $wiki = false ) {
1096                 $maxLag = -1;
1097                 $host = '';
1098                 $maxIndex = 0;
1099
1100                 if ( $this->getServerCount() <= 1 ) {
1101                         return array( $host, $maxLag, $maxIndex ); // no replication = no lag
1102                 }
1103
1104                 $lagTimes = $this->getLagTimes( $wiki );
1105                 foreach ( $lagTimes as $i => $lag ) {
1106                         if ( $lag > $maxLag ) {
1107                                 $maxLag = $lag;
1108                                 $host = $this->mServers[$i]['host'];
1109                                 $maxIndex = $i;
1110                         }
1111                 }
1112
1113                 return array( $host, $maxLag, $maxIndex );
1114         }
1115
1116         /**
1117          * Get lag time for each server
1118          *
1119          * Results are cached for a short time in memcached/process cache
1120          *
1121          * @param string|bool $wiki
1122          * @return int[] Map of (server index => seconds)
1123          */
1124         public function getLagTimes( $wiki = false ) {
1125                 if ( $this->getServerCount() <= 1 ) {
1126                         return array( 0 => 0 ); // no replication = no lag
1127                 }
1128
1129                 if ( $this->mProcCache->has( 'slave_lag', 'times', 1 ) ) {
1130                         return $this->mProcCache->get( 'slave_lag', 'times' );
1131                 }
1132
1133                 # Send the request to the load monitor
1134                 $times = $this->getLoadMonitor()->getLagTimes( array_keys( $this->mServers ), $wiki );
1135
1136                 $this->mProcCache->set( 'slave_lag', 'times', $times );
1137
1138                 return $times;
1139         }
1140
1141         /**
1142          * Get the lag in seconds for a given connection, or zero if this load
1143          * balancer does not have replication enabled.
1144          *
1145          * This should be used in preference to Database::getLag() in cases where
1146          * replication may not be in use, since there is no way to determine if
1147          * replication is in use at the connection level without running
1148          * potentially restricted queries such as SHOW SLAVE STATUS. Using this
1149          * function instead of Database::getLag() avoids a fatal error in this
1150          * case on many installations.
1151          *
1152          * @param DatabaseBase $conn
1153          * @return int
1154          */
1155         public function safeGetLag( $conn ) {
1156                 if ( $this->getServerCount() == 1 ) {
1157                         return 0;
1158                 } else {
1159                         return $conn->getLag();
1160                 }
1161         }
1162
1163         /**
1164          * Clear the cache for slag lag delay times
1165          */
1166         public function clearLagTimeCache() {
1167                 $this->mProcCache->clear( 'slave_lag' );
1168         }
1169 }
1170
1171 /**
1172  * Helper class to handle automatically marking connections as reusable (via RAII pattern)
1173  * as well handling deferring the actual network connection until the handle is used
1174  *
1175  * @ingroup Database
1176  * @since 1.22
1177  */
1178 class DBConnRef implements IDatabase {
1179         /** @var LoadBalancer */
1180         private $lb;
1181
1182         /** @var DatabaseBase|null */
1183         private $conn;
1184
1185         /** @var array|null */
1186         private $params;
1187
1188         /**
1189          * @param LoadBalancer $lb
1190          * @param DatabaseBase|array $conn Connection or (server index, group, wiki ID) array
1191          */
1192         public function __construct( LoadBalancer $lb, $conn ) {
1193                 $this->lb = $lb;
1194                 if ( $conn instanceof DatabaseBase ) {
1195                         $this->conn = $conn;
1196                 } else {
1197                         $this->params = $conn;
1198                 }
1199         }
1200
1201         public function __call( $name, $arguments ) {
1202                 if ( $this->conn === null ) {
1203                         list( $db, $groups, $wiki ) = $this->params;
1204                         $this->conn = $this->lb->getConnection( $db, $groups, $wiki );
1205                 }
1206
1207                 return call_user_func_array( array( $this->conn, $name ), $arguments );
1208         }
1209
1210         public function __destruct() {
1211                 if ( $this->conn !== null ) {
1212                         $this->lb->reuseConnection( $this->conn );
1213                 }
1214         }
1215 }