X-Git-Url: https://git.heureux-cyclage.org/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=languages%2FLanguageConverter.php;h=e0081de66151ea78f48e82610cb1aa40f960f00c;hb=8be6df0ba99fc5c4c99bb877747eeff962446b33;hp=dcfb8bae137ad283bb8330e31897d2d6b13a37fb;hpb=1d5aeb86eb66328c3fcbafbd8cede0841e0f07fd;p=lhc%2Fweb%2Fwiklou.git

diff --git a/languages/LanguageConverter.php b/languages/LanguageConverter.php
index dcfb8bae13..e0081de661 100644
--- a/languages/LanguageConverter.php
+++ b/languages/LanguageConverter.php
@@ -9,237 +9,309 @@
  */
 
 /**
- * base class for language convert
+ * Base class for language conversion.
  * @ingroup Language
  *
  * @author Zhengzhu Feng <zhengzhu@gmail.com>
  * @maintainers fdcn <fdcn64@gmail.com>, shinjiman <shinjiman@gmail.com>, PhiLiP <philip.npc@gmail.com>
  */
 class LanguageConverter {
-	var $mPreferredVariant='';
 	var $mMainLanguageCode;
 	var $mVariants, $mVariantFallbacks, $mVariantNames;
 	var $mTablesLoaded = false;
 	var $mTables;
-	var $mManualAddTables;
-	var $mManualRemoveTables;
-	var $mNamespaceTables;
-	var $mTitleDisplay='';
-	var $mDoTitleConvert=true, $mDoContentConvert=true;
-	var $mManualLevel; // 'bidirectional' 'unidirectional' 'disable' for each variants
-	var $mTitleFromFlag = false;
+	// 'bidirectional' 'unidirectional' 'disable' for each variant
+	var $mManualLevel;
 	var $mCacheKey;
 	var $mLangObj;
-	var $mMarkup;
 	var $mFlags;
-	var $mDescCodeSep = ':',$mDescVarSep = ';';
+	var $mDescCodeSep = ':', $mDescVarSep = ';';
 	var $mUcfirst = false;
+	var $mConvRuleTitle = false;
+	var $mURLVariant;
+	var $mUserVariant;
+	var $mHeaderVariant;
+	var $mMaxDepth = 10;
+	var $mVarSeparatorPattern;
 
 	const CACHE_VERSION_KEY = 'VERSION 6';
 
 	/**
 	 * Constructor
 	 *
-	 * @param string $maincode the main language code of this language
-	 * @param array $variants the supported variants of this language
-	 * @param array $variantfallback the fallback language of each variant
-	 * @param array $markup array defining the markup used for manual conversion
-	 * @param array $flags array defining the custom strings that maps to the flags
-	 * @param array $manualLevel limit for supported variants
-	 * @public
+	 * @param $langobj The Language Object
+	 * @param $maincode String: the main language code of this language
+	 * @param $variants Array: the supported variants of this language
+	 * @param $variantfallbacks Array: the fallback language of each variant
+	 * @param $flags Array: defining the custom strings that maps to the flags
+	 * @param $manualLevel Array: limit for supported variants
 	 */
-	function __construct($langobj, $maincode,
-								$variants=array(),
-								$variantfallbacks=array(),
-								$markup=array(),
+	public function __construct( $langobj, $maincode,
+								$variants = array(),
+								$variantfallbacks = array(),
 								$flags = array(),
 								$manualLevel = array() ) {
+		global $wgDisabledVariants, $wgLanguageNames;
 		$this->mLangObj = $langobj;
 		$this->mMainLanguageCode = $maincode;
-		$this->mVariants = $variants;
+		$this->mVariants = array_diff( $variants, $wgDisabledVariants );
 		$this->mVariantFallbacks = $variantfallbacks;
-		global $wgLanguageNames;
 		$this->mVariantNames = $wgLanguageNames;
 		$this->mCacheKey = wfMemcKey( 'conversiontables', $maincode );
-		$m = array(
-			'begin'=>'-{', 
-			'flagsep'=>'|',
-			'unidsep'=>'=>', //for unidirectional conversion
-			'codesep'=>':',
-			'varsep'=>';',
-			'end'=>'}-'
-		);
-		$this->mMarkup = array_merge($m, $markup);
-		$f = array( 
+		$defaultflags = array(
 			// 'S' show converted text
 			// '+' add rules for alltext
 			// 'E' the gave flags is error
 			// these flags above are reserved for program
-			'A'=>'A',       // add rule for convert code (all text convert)
-			'T'=>'T',       // title convert
-			'R'=>'R',       // raw content
-			'D'=>'D',       // convert description (subclass implement)
-			'-'=>'-',       // remove convert (not implement)
-			'H'=>'H',       // add rule for convert code (but no display in placed code )
-			'N'=>'N'        // current variant name
+			'A' => 'A',	  // add rule for convert code (all text convert)
+			'T' => 'T',	  // title convert
+			'R' => 'R',	  // raw content
+			'D' => 'D',	  // convert description (subclass implement)
+			'-' => '-',	  // remove convert (not implement)
+			'H' => 'H',	  // add rule for convert code
+						  // (but no display in placed code )
+			'N' => 'N'	  // current variant name
 		);
-		$this->mFlags = array_merge($f, $flags);
-		foreach( $this->mVariants as $v) {
-			$this->mManualLevel[$v]=array_key_exists($v,$manualLevel)
-								?$manualLevel[$v]
-								:'bidirectional';
-			$this->mManualAddTables[$v] = array();
-			$this->mManualRemoveTables[$v] = array();
-			$this->mNamespaceTables[$v] = array();
+		$this->mFlags = array_merge( $defaultflags, $flags );
+		foreach ( $this->mVariants as $v ) {
+			if ( array_key_exists( $v, $manualLevel ) ) {
+				$this->mManualLevel[$v] = $manualLevel[$v];
+			} else {
+				$this->mManualLevel[$v] = 'bidirectional';
+			}
 			$this->mFlags[$v] = $v;
 		}
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * @public
+	 * Get all valid variants.
+	 * Call this instead of using $this->mVariants directly.
+	 *
+	 * @return Array: contains all valid variants
 	 */
-	function getVariants() {
+	public function getVariants() {
 		return $this->mVariants;
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * in case some variant is not defined in the markup, we need
-	 * to have some fallback. for example, in zh, normally people
+	 * In case some variant is not defined in the markup, we need
+	 * to have some fallback. For example, in zh, normally people
 	 * will define zh-hans and zh-hant, but less so for zh-sg or zh-hk.
 	 * when zh-sg is preferred but not defined, we will pick zh-hans
-	 * in this case. right now this is only used by zh.
+	 * in this case. Right now this is only used by zh.
 	 *
-	 * @param string $v the language code of the variant
-	 * @return string array the code of the fallback language or false if there is no fallback
-	 * @public
+	 * @param $variant String: the language code of the variant
+	 * @return String: The code of the fallback language or the
+	 *				 main code if there is no fallback
 	 */
-	function getVariantFallbacks($v) {
-		if( isset( $this->mVariantFallbacks[$v] ) ) {
-			return $this->mVariantFallbacks[$v];
+	public function getVariantFallbacks( $variant ) {
+		if ( isset( $this->mVariantFallbacks[$variant] ) ) {
+			return $this->mVariantFallbacks[$variant];
 		}
 		return $this->mMainLanguageCode;
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * get preferred language variants.
-	 * @param boolean $fromUser Get it from $wgUser's preferences
-	 * @return string the preferred language code
-	 * @public
+	 * Get the title produced by the conversion rule.
+	 * @return String: The converted title text
 	 */
-	function getPreferredVariant( $fromUser = true ) {
-		global $wgUser, $wgRequest, $wgVariantArticlePath, $wgDefaultLanguageVariant;
+	public function getConvRuleTitle() {
+		return $this->mConvRuleTitle;
+	}
 
-		if($this->mPreferredVariant)
-			return $this->mPreferredVariant;
+	/**
+	 * Get preferred language variant.
+	 * @param $fromUser Boolean: get it from $wgUser's preferences
+	 * @param $fromHeader Boolean: get it from Accept-Language
+	 * @return String: the preferred language code
+	 */
+	public function getPreferredVariant( $fromUser = true, $fromHeader = false ) {
+		global $wgDefaultLanguageVariant;
 
-		// figure out user lang without constructing wgLang to avoid infinite recursion
-		if( $fromUser )
-			$defaultUserLang = $wgUser->getOption( 'language' );
-		else
-			$defaultUserLang = $this->mMainLanguageCode;
-		$userLang = $wgRequest->getVal( 'uselang', $defaultUserLang );
-		// see if interface language is same as content, if not, prevent conversion
-		if( ! in_array( $userLang, $this->mVariants ) ){ 
-			$this->mPreferredVariant = $this->mMainLanguageCode; // no conversion
-			return $this->mPreferredVariant;
+		$req = $this->getURLVariant();
+
+		if ( $fromUser && !$req ) {
+			$req = $this->getUserVariant();
 		}
 
-		// see if the preference is set in the request
-		$req = $wgRequest->getText( 'variant' );
-		if( in_array( $req, $this->mVariants ) ) {
-			$this->mPreferredVariant = $req;
+		if ( $fromHeader && !$req ) {
+			$req = $this->getHeaderVariant();
+		}
+
+		if ( $wgDefaultLanguageVariant && !$req ) {
+			$req = $this->validateVariant( $wgDefaultLanguageVariant );
+		}
+
+		// This function, unlike the other get*Variant functions, is
+		// not memoized (i.e. there return value is not cached) since
+		// new information might appear during processing after this
+		// is first called.
+		if ( $req ) {
 			return $req;
 		}
+		return $this->mMainLanguageCode;
+	}
 
-		// check the syntax /code/ArticleTitle
-		if($wgVariantArticlePath!=false && isset($_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'])){
-			// Note: SCRIPT_NAME probably won't hold the correct value if PHP is run as CGI
-			// (it will hold path to php.cgi binary), and might not exist on some very old PHP installations
-			$scriptBase = basename( $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] );
-			if(in_array($scriptBase,$this->mVariants)){
-				$this->mPreferredVariant = $scriptBase;
-				return $this->mPreferredVariant;
-			}
+	/**
+	 * Validate the variant
+	 * @param $variant String: the variant to validate
+	 * @return Mixed: returns the variant if it is valid, null otherwise
+	 */
+	protected function validateVariant( $variant = null ) {
+		if ( $variant !== null &&
+			 in_array( $variant, $this->mVariants ) ) {
+			return $variant;
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Get the variant specified in the URL
+	 *
+	 * @return Mixed: variant if one found, false otherwise.
+	 */
+	protected function getURLVariant() {
+		global $wgRequest;
+		$ret = null;
+
+		if ( $this->mURLVariant ) {
+			return $this->mURLVariant;
+		}
+
+		// see if the preference is set in the request
+		$ret = $wgRequest->getText( 'variant' );
+
+		if ( !$ret ) {
+			$ret = $wgRequest->getVal( 'uselang' );
 		}
 
+		return $this->mURLVariant = $this->validateVariant( $ret );
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Determine if the user has a variant set.
+	 *
+	 * @return Mixed: variant if one found, false otherwise.
+	 */
+	protected function getUserVariant() {
+		global $wgUser;
+		$ret = null;
+
+		// memoizing this function wreaks havoc on parserTest.php
+		/* if ( $this->mUserVariant ) { */
+		/* 	return $this->mUserVariant; */
+		/* } */
+
 		// get language variant preference from logged in users
-		// Don't call this on stub objects because that causes infinite 
+		// Don't call this on stub objects because that causes infinite
 		// recursion during initialisation
-		if( $fromUser && $wgUser->isLoggedIn() )  {
-			$this->mPreferredVariant = $wgUser->getOption('variant');
-			return $this->mPreferredVariant;
-		}
-
-		// see if default variant is globaly set
-		if($wgDefaultLanguageVariant != false  &&  in_array( $wgDefaultLanguageVariant, $this->mVariants )){
-			$this->mPreferredVariant = $wgDefaultLanguageVariant;
-			return $this->mPreferredVariant;
-		}
-
-		# FIXME rewrite code for parsing http header. The current code
-		# is written specific for detecting zh- variants
-		if( !$this->mPreferredVariant ) {
-			// see if some supported language variant is set in the
-			// http header, but we don't set the mPreferredVariant
-			// variable in case this is called before the user's
-			// preference is loaded
-			$pv=$this->mMainLanguageCode;
-			if(array_key_exists('HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE', $_SERVER)) {
-				$header = str_replace( '_', '-', strtolower($_SERVER["HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE"]));
-				$zh = strstr($header, $pv.'-');
-				if($zh) {
-					$ary = split("[,;]",$zh);
-					$pv = $ary[0];
-				}
+		if ( $wgUser->isLoggedIn() )  {
+			$ret = $wgUser->getOption( 'variant' );
+		}
+		else {
+			// figure out user lang without constructing wgLang to avoid
+			// infinite recursion
+			$ret = $wgUser->getOption( 'language' );
+		}
+
+		return $this->mUserVariant = $this->validateVariant( $ret );
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Determine the language variant from the Accept-Language header.
+	 *
+	 * @return Mixed: variant if one found, false otherwise.
+	 */
+	protected function getHeaderVariant() {
+		global $wgRequest;
+		$ret = null;
+
+		if ( $this->mHeaderVariant ) {
+			return $this->mHeaderVariant;
+		}
+
+		// see if some supported language variant is set in the
+		// http header.
+		$languages = array_keys( $wgRequest->getAcceptLang() );
+		if ( empty( $languages ) ) {
+			return null;
+		}
+
+		$fallback_languages = array();
+		foreach ( $languages as $language ) {
+			$this->mHeaderVariant = $this->validateVariant( $language );
+			if ( $this->mHeaderVariant ) {
+				break;
+			}
+
+			// To see if there are fallbacks of current language.
+			// We record these fallback variants, and process
+			// them later.
+			$fallbacks = $this->getVariantFallbacks( $language );
+			if ( is_string( $fallbacks ) ) {
+				$fallback_languages[] = $fallbacks;
+			} elseif ( is_array( $fallbacks ) ) {
+				$fallback_languages =
+					array_merge( $fallback_languages,
+								 $fallbacks );
 			}
-			// don't try to return bad variant
-			if(in_array( $pv, $this->mVariants ))
-				return $pv;
 		}
 
-		return $this->mMainLanguageCode;
+		if ( !$this->mHeaderVariant ) {
+			// process fallback languages now
+			$fallback_languages = array_unique( $fallback_languages );
+			foreach ( $fallback_languages as $language ) {
+				$this->mHeaderVariant = $this->validateVariant( $language );
+				if ( $this->mHeaderVariant ) {
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+		}
 
+		return $this->mHeaderVariant;
 	}
-	
+
 	/**
-	 * caption convert, base on preg_replace_callback
+	 * Caption convert, base on preg_replace_callback.
 	 *
-	 * to convert text in "title" or "alt", like '<img alt="text" ... '
+	 * To convert text in "title" or "alt", like '<img alt="text" ... '
 	 * or '<span title="text" ... '
 	 *
-	 * @return string like ' alt="yyyy"' or ' title="yyyy"'
-	 * @private
+	 * @return String like ' alt="yyyy"' or ' title="yyyy"'
 	 */
-	function captionConvert( $matches ) {
+	protected function captionConvert( $matches ) {
 		$toVariant = $this->getPreferredVariant();
 		$title = $matches[1];
 		$text  = $matches[2];
 		// we convert captions except URL
-		if( !strpos( $text, '://' ) )
-			$text = $this->translate($text, $toVariant);
+		if ( !strpos( $text, '://' ) ) {
+			$text = $this->translate( $text, $toVariant );
+		}
 		return " $title=\"$text\"";
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * dictionary-based conversion
+	 * Dictionary-based conversion.
+	 * This function would not parse the conversion rules.
+	 * If you want to parse rules, try to use convert() or
+	 * convertTo().
 	 *
-	 * @param string $text the text to be converted
-	 * @param string $toVariant the target language code
-	 * @return string the converted text
-	 * @private
+	 * @param $text String: the text to be converted
+	 * @param $toVariant String: the target language code
+	 * @return String: the converted text
 	 */
-	function autoConvert($text, $toVariant=false) {
-		$fname="LanguageConverter::autoConvert";
-
-		wfProfileIn( $fname );
+	public function autoConvert( $text, $toVariant = false ) {
+		wfProfileIn( __METHOD__ );
 
-		if(!$this->mTablesLoaded)
-			$this->loadTables();
+		$this->loadTables();
 
-		if(!$toVariant)
+		if ( !$toVariant ) {
 			$toVariant = $this->getPreferredVariant();
-		if(!in_array($toVariant, $this->mVariants))
-			return $text;
+			if ( !$toVariant ) {
+				return $text;
+			}
+		}
 
 		/* we convert everything except:
 		   1. html markups (anything between < and >)
@@ -247,10 +319,11 @@ class LanguageConverter {
 		   3. place holders created by the parser
 		*/
 		global $wgParser;
-		if (isset($wgParser) && $wgParser->UniqPrefix()!=''){
+		if ( isset( $wgParser ) && $wgParser->UniqPrefix() != '' ) {
 			$marker = '|' . $wgParser->UniqPrefix() . '[\-a-zA-Z0-9]+';
-		} else
-			$marker = "";
+		} else {
+			$marker = '';
+		}
 
 		// this one is needed when the text is inside an html markup
 		$htmlfix = '|<[^>]+$|^[^<>]*>';
@@ -262,330 +335,371 @@ class LanguageConverter {
 		// disable conversion of <pre xxxx> ... </pre>
 		$prefix = '<pre.*?>.*?<\/pre>|';
 
-		$reg = '/'.$codefix . $scriptfix . $prefix . '<[^>]+>|&[a-zA-Z#][a-z0-9]+;' . $marker . $htmlfix . '/s';
-
-		$matches = preg_split($reg, $text, -1, PREG_SPLIT_OFFSET_CAPTURE);
-
-		$m = array_shift($matches);
-
-		$ret = $this->translate($m[0], $toVariant);
-		$mstart = $m[1]+strlen($m[0]);
-		
-		// enable convertsion of '<img alt="xxxx" ... ' or '<span title="xxxx" ... '
-		$captionpattern  = '/\s(title|alt)\s*=\s*"([\s\S]*?)"/';
-		foreach($matches as $m) {
-			$mark = substr($text, $mstart, $m[1]-$mstart);
-			$mark = preg_replace_callback($captionpattern, array(&$this, 'captionConvert'), $mark);
-			$ret .= $mark;
-			$ret .= $this->translate($m[0], $toVariant);
-			$mstart = $m[1] + strlen($m[0]);
+		$reg = '/' . $codefix . $scriptfix . $prefix .
+			'<[^>]+>|&[a-zA-Z#][a-z0-9]+;' . $marker . $htmlfix . '/s';
+
+		$matches = preg_split( $reg, $text, - 1, PREG_SPLIT_OFFSET_CAPTURE );
+
+		$m = array_shift( $matches );
+
+		$ret = $this->translate( $m[0], $toVariant );
+		$mstart = $m[1] + strlen( $m[0] );
+
+		// enable convertsion of '<img alt="xxxx" ... '
+		// or '<span title="xxxx" ... '
+		$captionpattern	 = '/\s(title|alt)\s*=\s*"([\s\S]*?)"/';
+
+		$trtext = '';
+		$trtextmark = "\0";
+		$notrtext = array();
+		foreach ( $matches as $m ) {
+			$mark = substr( $text, $mstart, $m[1] - $mstart );
+			$mark = preg_replace_callback( $captionpattern,
+										   array( &$this, 'captionConvert' ),
+										   $mark );
+			// Let's convert the trtext only once,
+			// it would give us more performance improvement
+			$notrtext[] = $mark;
+			$trtext .= $m[0] . $trtextmark;
+			$mstart = $m[1] + strlen( $m[0] );
 		}
-		wfProfileOut( $fname );
+		$notrtext[] = '';
+		$trtext = $this->translate( $trtext, $toVariant );
+		$trtext = StringUtils::explode( $trtextmark, $trtext );
+		foreach ( $trtext as $t ) {
+			$ret .= array_shift( $notrtext );
+			$ret .= $t;
+		}
+		wfProfileOut( __METHOD__ );
 		return $ret;
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Translate a string to a variant
-	 * Doesn't process markup or do any of that other stuff, for that use convert()
+	 * Translate a string to a variant.
+	 * Doesn't parse rules or do any of that other stuff, for that use
+	 * convert() or convertTo().
 	 *
-	 * @param string $text Text to convert
-	 * @param string $variant Variant language code
-	 * @return string Translated text
-	 * @private
+	 * @param $text String: text to convert
+	 * @param $variant String: variant language code
+	 * @return String: translated text
 	 */
-	function translate( $text, $variant ) {
+	protected function translate( $text, $variant ) {
 		wfProfileIn( __METHOD__ );
-		if( !$this->mTablesLoaded )
+		// If $text is empty or only includes spaces, do nothing
+		// Otherwise translate it
+		if ( trim( $text ) ) {
 			$this->loadTables();
-		$text = $this->mTables[$variant]->replace( $text );
+			$text = $this->mTables[$variant]->replace( $text );
+		}
 		wfProfileOut( __METHOD__ );
 		return $text;
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * convert text to all supported variants
+	 * Call translate() to convert text to all valid variants.
 	 *
-	 * @param string $text the text to be converted
-	 * @return array of string
-	 * @public
+	 * @param $text String: the text to be converted
+	 * @return Array: variant => converted text
 	 */
-	function autoConvertToAllVariants($text) {
-		$fname="LanguageConverter::autoConvertToAllVariants";
-		wfProfileIn( $fname );
-		if( !$this->mTablesLoaded )
-			$this->loadTables();
+	public function autoConvertToAllVariants( $text ) {
+		wfProfileIn( __METHOD__ );
+		$this->loadTables();
 
 		$ret = array();
-		foreach($this->mVariants as $variant) {
-			$ret[$variant] = $this->translate($text, $variant);
+		foreach ( $this->mVariants as $variant ) {
+			$ret[$variant] = $this->translate( $text, $variant );
 		}
 
-		wfProfileOut( $fname );
+		wfProfileOut( __METHOD__ );
 		return $ret;
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * convert link text to all supported variants
+	 * Convert link text to all valid variants.
+	 * In the first, this function only convert text outside the
+	 * "-{" "}-" markups. Since the "{" and "}" are not allowed in
+	 * titles, the text will get all converted always.
+	 * So I removed this feature and deprecated the function.
 	 *
-	 * @param string $text the text to be converted
-	 * @return array of string
-	 * @public
+	 * @param $text String: the text to be converted
+	 * @return Array: variant => converted text
+	 * @deprecated Use autoConvertToAllVariants() instead
 	 */
-	function convertLinkToAllVariants($text) {
-		if( !$this->mTablesLoaded )
-			$this->loadTables();
-
-		$ret = array();
-		$tarray = explode($this->mMarkup['begin'], $text);
-		$tfirst = array_shift($tarray);
-
-		foreach($this->mVariants as $variant)
-			$ret[$variant] = $this->translate($tfirst,$variant);
-
-		foreach($tarray as $txt) {
-			$marked = explode($this->mMarkup['end'], $txt, 2);
-
-			foreach($this->mVariants as $variant){
-				$ret[$variant] .= $this->mMarkup['begin'].$marked[0].$this->mMarkup['end'];
-				if(array_key_exists(1, $marked))
-					$ret[$variant] .= $this->translate($marked[1],$variant);
-			}
-			
-		}
-
-		return $ret;
+	public function convertLinkToAllVariants( $text ) {
+		return $this->autoConvertToAllVariants( $text );
 	}
-	
+
 	/**
-	 * prepare manual conversion table
-	 * @private
+	 * Apply manual conversion rules.
+	 *
+	 * @param $convRule Object: Object of ConverterRule
 	 */
-	function prepareManualConv( $convRule ){
-		// use syntax -{T|zh:TitleZh;zh-tw:TitleTw}- for custom conversion in title
-		$title = $convRule->getTitle();
-		if( $title ){
-			$this->mTitleFromFlag = true;
-			$this->mTitleDisplay =  $title;
+	protected function applyManualConv( $convRule ) {
+		// Use syntax -{T|zh-cn:TitleCN; zh-tw:TitleTw}- to custom
+		// title conversion.
+		// Bug 24072: $mConvRuleTitle was overwritten by other manual
+		// rule(s) not for title, this breaks the title conversion.
+		$newConvRuleTitle = $convRule->getTitle();
+		if ( $newConvRuleTitle ) {
+			// So I add an empty check for getTitle()
+			$this->mConvRuleTitle = $newConvRuleTitle;
 		}
 
-		//apply manual conversion table to global table
+		// merge/remove manual conversion rules to/from global table
 		$convTable = $convRule->getConvTable();
 		$action = $convRule->getRulesAction();
-		foreach( $convTable as $v => $t ) {
-			if( !in_array( $v, $this->mVariants ) )continue;
-			if( $action=="add" ) {
-				foreach( $t as $from => $to ) {
+		foreach ( $convTable as $variant => $pair ) {
+			if ( !$this->validateVariant( $variant ) ) {
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			if ( $action == 'add' ) {
+				foreach ( $pair as $from => $to ) {
 					// to ensure that $from and $to not be left blank
 					// so $this->translate() could always return a string
-					if ( $from || $to )
+					if ( $from || $to ) {
 						// more efficient than array_merge(), about 2.5 times.
-						$this->mManualAddTables[$v][$from] = $to;
-				}
-			}
-			elseif ( $action == "remove" ) {
-				foreach ( $t as $from=>$to ) {
-					if ( $from || $to )
-						$this->mManualRemoveTables[$v][$from] = $to;
+						$this->mTables[$variant]->setPair( $from, $to );
+					}
 				}
+			} elseif ( $action == 'remove' ) {
+				$this->mTables[$variant]->removeArray( $pair );
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * apply manual conversion from $this->mManualAddTables and $this->mManualRemoveTables
-	 * @private
+	 * Auto convert a Title object to a readable string in the
+	 * preferred variant.
+	 *
+	 *@param $title Object: a object of Title
+	 *@return String: converted title text
 	 */
-	function applyManualConv(){
-		//apply manual conversion table to global table
-		foreach($this->mVariants as $v) {
-			if (count($this->mManualAddTables[$v]) > 0) {
-				$this->mTables[$v]->mergeArray($this->mManualAddTables[$v]);
+	public function convertTitle( $title ) {
+		$variant = $this->getPreferredVariant();
+		$index = $title->getNamespace();
+		if ( $index === NS_MAIN ) {
+			$text = '';
+		} else {
+			// first let's check if a message has given us a converted name
+			$nsConvKey = 'conversion-ns' . $index;
+			if ( !wfEmptyMsg( $nsConvKey ) ) {
+				$text = wfMsgForContentNoTrans( $nsConvKey );
+			} else {
+				// the message does not exist, try retrieve it from the current
+				// variant's namespace names.
+				$langObj = $this->mLangObj->factory( $variant );
+				$text = $langObj->getFormattedNsText( $index );
 			}
-			if (count($this->mManualRemoveTables[$v]) > 0)
-				$this->mTables[$v]->removeArray($this->mManualRemoveTables[$v]);
+			$text .= ':';
 		}
+		$text .= $title->getText();
+		$text = $this->translate( $text, $variant );
+		return $text;
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Convert text using a parser object for context
-	 * @public
+	 * Convert text to different variants of a language. The automatic
+	 * conversion is done in autoConvert(). Here we parse the text
+	 * marked with -{}-, which specifies special conversions of the
+	 * text that can not be accomplished in autoConvert().
+	 *
+	 * Syntax of the markup:
+	 * -{code1:text1;code2:text2;...}-  or
+	 * -{flags|code1:text1;code2:text2;...}-  or
+	 * -{text}- in which case no conversion should take place for text
+	 *
+	 * @param $text String: text to be converted
+	 * @return String: converted text
 	 */
-	function parserConvert( $text, &$parser ) {
-		global $wgDisableLangConversion;
-		/* don't do anything if this is the conversion table */
-		if ( $parser->getTitle()->getNamespace() == NS_MEDIAWIKI &&
-				 strpos($parser->mTitle->getText(), "Conversiontable") !== false ) 
-		{
-			return $text;
-		}
-
-		if ( $wgDisableLangConversion )
-			return $text;
-
-		$text = $this->convert( $text );
-
-		if ( $this->mTitleFromFlag )
-			$parser->mOutput->setTitleText( $this->mTitleDisplay );
-		return $text;
+	public function convert( $text ) {
+		$variant = $this->getPreferredVariant();
+		return $this->convertTo( $text, $variant );
 	}
-	
+
 	/**
-	 * convert namespace
-	 * @param string $title the title included namespace
-	 * @return array of string
-	 * @private
+	 * Same as convert() except a extra parameter to custom variant.
+	 *
+	 * @param $text String: text to be converted
+	 * @param $variant String: the target variant code
+	 * @return String: converted text
 	 */
-	function convertNamespace( $title, $variant ) {
-		$splittitle = explode( ':', $title );
-		if (count($splittitle) < 2)
-			return $title;
-		if ( isset( $this->mNamespaceTables[$variant][$splittitle[0]] ) )
-			$splittitle[0] = $this->mNamespaceTables[$variant][$splittitle[0]];
-		$ret = implode(':', $splittitle );
-		return $ret;
+	public function convertTo( $text, $variant ) {
+		global $wgDisableLangConversion;
+		if ( $wgDisableLangConversion ) return $text;
+		return $this->recursiveConvertTopLevel( $text, $variant );
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * convert title
-	 * @private
+	 * Recursively convert text on the outside. Allow to use nested
+	 * markups to custom rules.
+	 *
+	 * @param $text String: text to be converted
+	 * @param $variant String: the target variant code
+	 * @param $depth Integer: depth of recursion
+	 * @return String: converted text
 	 */
-	function convertTitle( $text, $variant ){
-		global $wgDisableTitleConversion, $wgUser;
+	protected function recursiveConvertTopLevel( $text, $variant, $depth = 0 ) {
+		$startPos = 0;
+		$out = '';
+		$length = strlen( $text );
+		while ( $startPos < $length ) {
+			$m = false;
+			$pos = strpos( $text, '-{', $startPos );
+
+			if ( $pos === false ) {
+				// No more markup, append final segment
+				$out .= $this->autoConvert( substr( $text, $startPos ), $variant );
+				$startPos = $length;
+				return $out;
+			}
 
-		// check for global param and __NOTC__ tag
-		if( $wgDisableTitleConversion || !$this->mDoTitleConvert || $wgUser->getOption('noconvertlink') == 1 ) {
-			$this->mTitleDisplay = $text;
-			return $text;
-		}
+			// Markup found
+			// Append initial segment
+			$out .= $this->autoConvert( substr( $text, $startPos, $pos - $startPos ), $variant );
 
-		// use the title from the T flag if any
-		if( $this->mTitleFromFlag ){
-			$this->mTitleFromFlag = false;
-			return $this->mTitleDisplay;
-		}
+			// Advance position
+			$startPos = $pos;
 
-		global $wgRequest;
-		$isredir = $wgRequest->getText( 'redirect', 'yes' );
-		$action = $wgRequest->getText( 'action' );
-		$linkconvert = $wgRequest->getText( 'linkconvert', 'yes' );
-		if ( $isredir == 'no' || $action == 'edit' || $action == 'submit' || $linkconvert == 'no' ) {
-			return $text;
-		} else {
-			$text = $this->convertNamespace( $text, $variant );
-			$this->mTitleDisplay = $this->convert( $text );
-			return $this->mTitleDisplay;
+			// Do recursive conversion
+			$out .= $this->recursiveConvertRule( $text, $variant, $startPos, $depth + 1 );
 		}
+
+		return $out;
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * convert text to different variants of a language. the automatic
-	 * conversion is done in autoConvert(). here we parse the text
-	 * marked with -{}-, which specifies special conversions of the
-	 * text that can not be accomplished in autoConvert()
-	 *
-	 * syntax of the markup:
-	 * -{code1:text1;code2:text2;...}-  or
-	 * -{flags|code1:text1;code2:text2;...}-  or
-	 * -{text}- in which case no conversion should take place for text
+	 * Recursively convert text on the inside.
 	 *
-	 * @param string $text text to be converted
-	 * @param bool $isTitle whether this conversion is for the article title
-	 * @return string converted text
-	 * @public
+	 * @param $text String: text to be converted
+	 * @param $variant String: the target variant code
+	 * @param $depth Integer: depth of recursion
+	 * @return String: converted text
 	 */
-	function convert( $text, $isTitle = false ) {
-
-		$mw =& MagicWord::get( 'notitleconvert' );
-		if( $mw->matchAndRemove( $text ) )
-			$this->mDoTitleConvert = false;
-		$mw =& MagicWord::get( 'nocontentconvert' );
-		if( $mw->matchAndRemove( $text ) ) {
-			$this->mDoContentConvert = false;
+	protected function recursiveConvertRule( $text, $variant, &$startPos, $depth = 0 ) {
+		// Quick sanity check (no function calls)
+		if ( $text[$startPos] !== '-' || $text[$startPos + 1] !== '{' ) {
+			throw new MWException( __METHOD__ . ': invalid input string' );
 		}
 
-		// no conversion if redirecting
-		$mw =& MagicWord::get( 'redirect' );
-		if( $mw->matchStart( $text ) )
-			return $text;
-
-		$plang = $this->getPreferredVariant();
+		$startPos += 2;
+		$inner = '';
+		$warningDone = false;
+		$length = strlen( $text );
 
-		// for title convertion
-		if ( $isTitle ) return $this->convertTitle( $text, $plang );
-
-		$tarray = StringUtils::explode( $this->mMarkup['end'], $text );
-		$text = '';
+		while ( $startPos < $length ) {
+			$m = false;
+			preg_match( '/-\{|\}-/', $text, $m,  PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE, $startPos );
+			if ( !$m ) {
+				// Unclosed rule
+				break;
+			}
 
-		$marks = array();
-		foreach ( $tarray as $txt ) {
-			$marked = explode( $this->mMarkup['begin'], $txt, 2 );
-			if ( array_key_exists( 1, $marked ) ) {
-				$crule = new ConverterRule($marked[1], $this);
-				$crule->parse( $plang );
-				$marked[1] = $crule->getDisplay();
-				$this->prepareManualConv( $crule );
+			$token = $m[0][0];
+			$pos = $m[0][1];
+
+			// Markup found
+			// Append initial segment
+			$inner .= substr( $text, $startPos, $pos - $startPos );
+
+			// Advance position
+			$startPos = $pos;
+
+			switch ( $token ) {
+				case '-{':
+					// Check max depth
+					if ( $depth >= $this->mMaxDepth ) {
+						$inner .= '-{';
+						if ( !$warningDone ) {
+							$inner .= '<span class="error">' .
+								wfMsgForContent( 'language-converter-depth-warning',
+									$this->mMaxDepth ) .
+								'</span>';
+							$warningDone = true;
+						}
+						$startPos += 2;
+						continue;
+					}
+					// Recursively parse another rule
+					$inner .= $this->recursiveConvertRule( $text, $variant, $startPos, $depth + 1 );
+					break;
+				case '}-':
+					// Apply the rule
+					$startPos += 2;
+					$rule = new ConverterRule( $inner, $this );
+					$rule->parse( $variant );
+					$this->applyManualConv( $rule );
+					return $rule->getDisplay();
+				default:
+					throw new MWException( __METHOD__ . ': invalid regex match' );
 			}
-			else
-				$marked[0] .= $this->mMarkup['end'];
-			array_push( $marks, $marked );
-		}
-		$this->applyManualConv();
-		foreach ( $marks as $marked ) {
-			if( $this->mDoContentConvert )
-				$text .= $this->autoConvert( $marked[0], $plang );
-			else
-				$text .= $marked[0];
-			if( array_key_exists( 1, $marked ) )
-				$text .= $marked[1];
-		}
-		// Remove the last delimiter (wasn't real)
-		$text = substr( $text, 0, -strlen( $this->mMarkup['end'] ) );
+		}
 
-		return $text;
+		// Unclosed rule
+		if ( $startPos < $length ) {
+			$inner .= substr( $text, $startPos );
+		}
+		$startPos = $length;
+		return '-{' . $this->autoConvert( $inner, $variant );
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * if a language supports multiple variants, it is
+	 * If a language supports multiple variants, it is
 	 * possible that non-existing link in one variant
-	 * actually exists in another variant. this function
+	 * actually exists in another variant. This function
 	 * tries to find it. See e.g. LanguageZh.php
 	 *
-	 * @param string $link the name of the link
-	 * @param mixed $nt the title object of the link
-	 * @param boolean $ignoreOtherCond: to disable other conditions when
-	 *      we need to transclude a template or update a category's link
-	 * @return null the input parameters may be modified upon return
-	 * @public
+	 * @param $link String: the name of the link
+	 * @param $nt Mixed: the title object of the link
+	 * @param $ignoreOtherCond Boolean: to disable other conditions when
+	 *		we need to transclude a template or update a category's link
+	 * @return Null, the input parameters may be modified upon return
 	 */
-	function findVariantLink( &$link, &$nt, $ignoreOtherCond = false ) {
-		global $wgDisableLangConversion, $wgDisableTitleConversion, $wgRequest, $wgUser;
+	public function findVariantLink( &$link, &$nt, $ignoreOtherCond = false ) {
+		# If the article has already existed, there is no need to
+		# check it again, otherwise it may cause a fault.
+		if ( is_object( $nt ) && $nt->exists() ) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		global $wgDisableLangConversion, $wgDisableTitleConversion, $wgRequest,
+			$wgUser;
 		$isredir = $wgRequest->getText( 'redirect', 'yes' );
 		$action = $wgRequest->getText( 'action' );
 		$linkconvert = $wgRequest->getText( 'linkconvert', 'yes' );
-		$disableLinkConversion = $wgDisableLangConversion || $wgDisableTitleConversion;
+		$disableLinkConversion = $wgDisableLangConversion
+			|| $wgDisableTitleConversion;
 		$linkBatch = new LinkBatch();
 
-		$ns=NS_MAIN;
+		$ns = NS_MAIN;
 
-		if ( $disableLinkConversion || ( !$ignoreOtherCond && ( $isredir == 'no' || $action == 'edit'
-			|| $action == 'submit' || $linkconvert == 'no' || $wgUser->getOption('noconvertlink') == 1 ) ) )
+		if ( $disableLinkConversion ||
+			 ( !$ignoreOtherCond &&
+			   ( $isredir == 'no'
+				 || $action == 'edit'
+				 || $action == 'submit'
+				 || $linkconvert == 'no'
+				 || $wgUser->getOption( 'noconvertlink' ) == 1 ) ) ) {
 			return;
+		}
 
-		if(is_object($nt))
+		if ( is_object( $nt ) ) {
 			$ns = $nt->getNamespace();
+		}
 
-		$variants = $this->autoConvertToAllVariants($link);
-		if($variants == false) //give up
+		$variants = $this->autoConvertToAllVariants( $link );
+		if ( !$variants ) { // give up
 			return;
+		}
 
 		$titles = array();
 
-		foreach( $variants as $v ) {
-			if($v != $link){
+		foreach ( $variants as $v ) {
+			if ( $v != $link ) {
 				$varnt = Title::newFromText( $v, $ns );
-				if(!is_null($varnt)){
-					$linkBatch->addObj($varnt);
-					$titles[]=$varnt;
+				if ( !is_null( $varnt ) ) {
+					$linkBatch->addObj( $varnt );
+					$titles[] = $varnt;
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -593,8 +707,8 @@ class LanguageConverter {
 		// fetch all variants in single query
 		$linkBatch->execute();
 
-		foreach( $titles as $varnt ) {
-			if( $varnt->getArticleID() > 0 ) {
+		foreach ( $titles as $varnt ) {
+			if ( $varnt->getArticleID() > 0 ) {
 				$nt = $varnt;
 				$link = $varnt->getText();
 				break;
@@ -602,153 +716,123 @@ class LanguageConverter {
 		}
 	}
 
-    /**
-	 * returns language specific hash options
-	 *
-	 * @public
+	/**
+	 * Returns language specific hash options.
 	 */
-	function getExtraHashOptions() {
+	public function getExtraHashOptions() {
 		$variant = $this->getPreferredVariant();
 		return '!' . $variant ;
 	}
 
-    /**
-	 * get title text as defined in the body of the article text
-	 *
-	 * @public
-	 */
-	function getParsedTitle() {
-		return $this->mTitleDisplay;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * a write lock to the cache
-	 *
-	 * @private
-	 */
-	function lockCache() {
-		global $wgMemc;
-		$success = false;
-		for($i=0; $i<30; $i++) {
-			if($success = $wgMemc->add($this->mCacheKey . "lock", 1, 10))
-				break;
-			sleep(1);
-		}
-		return $success;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * unlock cache
-	 *
-	 * @private
-	 */
-	function unlockCache() {
-		global $wgMemc;
-		$wgMemc->delete($this->mCacheKey . "lock");
-	}
-
-
 	/**
-	 * Load default conversion tables
-	 * This method must be implemented in derived class
+	 * Load default conversion tables.
+	 * This method must be implemented in derived class.
 	 *
 	 * @private
 	 */
 	function loadDefaultTables() {
-		$name = get_class($this);
-		wfDie("Must implement loadDefaultTables() method in class $name");
+		$name = get_class( $this );
+		wfDie( "Must implement loadDefaultTables() method in class $name" );
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * load conversion tables either from the cache or the disk
+	 * Load conversion tables either from the cache or the disk.
 	 * @private
 	 */
-	function loadTables($fromcache=true) {
-		global $wgMemc;
-		if( $this->mTablesLoaded )
+	function loadTables( $fromcache = true ) {
+		if ( $this->mTablesLoaded ) {
 			return;
+		}
+		global $wgMemc;
 		wfProfileIn( __METHOD__ );
 		$this->mTablesLoaded = true;
 		$this->mTables = false;
-		if($fromcache) {
-			wfProfileIn( __METHOD__.'-cache' );
+		if ( $fromcache ) {
+			wfProfileIn( __METHOD__ . '-cache' );
 			$this->mTables = $wgMemc->get( $this->mCacheKey );
-			wfProfileOut( __METHOD__.'-cache' );
+			wfProfileOut( __METHOD__ . '-cache' );
 		}
-		if ( !$this->mTables || !isset( $this->mTables[self::CACHE_VERSION_KEY] ) ) {
-			wfProfileIn( __METHOD__.'-recache' );
+		if ( !$this->mTables
+			 || !array_key_exists( self::CACHE_VERSION_KEY, $this->mTables ) ) {
+			wfProfileIn( __METHOD__ . '-recache' );
 			// not in cache, or we need a fresh reload.
 			// we will first load the default tables
 			// then update them using things in MediaWiki:Zhconversiontable/*
 			$this->loadDefaultTables();
-			foreach($this->mVariants as $var) {
-				$cached = $this->parseCachedTable($var);
-				$this->mTables[$var]->mergeArray($cached);
+			foreach ( $this->mVariants as $var ) {
+				$cached = $this->parseCachedTable( $var );
+				$this->mTables[$var]->mergeArray( $cached );
 			}
 
 			$this->postLoadTables();
 			$this->mTables[self::CACHE_VERSION_KEY] = true;
 
-			if($this->lockCache()) {
-				$wgMemc->set($this->mCacheKey, $this->mTables, 43200);
-				$this->unlockCache();
-			}
-			wfProfileOut( __METHOD__.'-recache' );
+			$wgMemc->set( $this->mCacheKey, $this->mTables, 43200 );
+			wfProfileOut( __METHOD__ . '-recache' );
 		}
 		wfProfileOut( __METHOD__ );
 	}
 
-    /**
-	 * Hook for post processig after conversion tables are loaded
+	/**
+	 * Hook for post processig after conversion tables are loaded.
 	 *
 	 */
-	function postLoadTables() {}
+	function postLoadTables() { }
 
-    /**
-	 * Reload the conversion tables
+	/**
+	 * Reload the conversion tables.
 	 *
 	 * @private
 	 */
 	function reloadTables() {
-		if($this->mTables)
-			unset($this->mTables);
+		if ( $this->mTables ) {
+			unset( $this->mTables );
+		}
 		$this->mTablesLoaded = false;
-		$this->loadTables(false);
+		$this->loadTables( false );
 	}
 
 
 	/**
-	 * parse the conversion table stored in the cache
+	 * Parse the conversion table stored in the cache.
 	 *
-	 * the tables should be in blocks of the following form:
+	 * The tables should be in blocks of the following form:
 	 *		-{
 	 *			word => word ;
 	 *			word => word ;
 	 *			...
 	 *		}-
 	 *
-	 *	to make the tables more manageable, subpages are allowed
-	 *	and will be parsed recursively if $recursive=true
+	 *	To make the tables more manageable, subpages are allowed
+	 *	and will be parsed recursively if $recursive == true.
 	 *
 	 */
-	function parseCachedTable($code, $subpage='', $recursive=true) {
+	function parseCachedTable( $code, $subpage = '', $recursive = true ) {
 		global $wgMessageCache;
 		static $parsed = array();
 
-		if(!is_object($wgMessageCache))
+		if ( !is_object( $wgMessageCache ) ) {
 			return array();
+		}
 
-		$key = 'Conversiontable/'.$code;
-		if($subpage)
+		$key = 'Conversiontable/' . $code;
+		if ( $subpage ) {
 			$key .= '/' . $subpage;
-
-		if(array_key_exists($key, $parsed))
+		}
+		if ( array_key_exists( $key, $parsed ) ) {
 			return array();
+		}
 
 		if ( strpos( $code, '/' ) === false ) {
 			$txt = $wgMessageCache->get( 'Conversiontable', true, $code );
+			if ( $txt === false ) {
+				# FIXME: this method doesn't seem to be expecting
+				# this possible outcome...
+				$txt = '&lt;Conversiontable&gt;';
+			}
 		} else {
-			$title = Title::makeTitleSafe( NS_MEDIAWIKI, "Conversiontable/$code" );
+			$title = Title::makeTitleSafe( NS_MEDIAWIKI,
+										   "Conversiontable/$code" );
 			if ( $title && $title->exists() ) {
 				$article = new Article( $title );
 				$txt = $article->getContents();
@@ -759,57 +843,64 @@ class LanguageConverter {
 
 		// get all subpage links of the form
 		// [[MediaWiki:conversiontable/zh-xx/...|...]]
-		$linkhead = $this->mLangObj->getNsText(NS_MEDIAWIKI) . ':Conversiontable';
-		$subs = explode('[[', $txt);
+		$linkhead = $this->mLangObj->getNsText( NS_MEDIAWIKI ) .
+			':Conversiontable';
+		$subs = StringUtils::explode( '[[', $txt );
 		$sublinks = array();
-		foreach( $subs as $sub ) {
-			$link = explode(']]', $sub, 2);
-			if(count($link) != 2)
+		foreach ( $subs as $sub ) {
+			$link = explode( ']]', $sub, 2 );
+			if ( count( $link ) != 2 ) {
 				continue;
-			$b = explode('|', $link[0]);
-			$b = explode('/', trim($b[0]), 3);
-			if(count($b)==3)
+			}
+			$b = explode( '|', $link[0], 2 );
+			$b = explode( '/', trim( $b[0] ), 3 );
+			if ( count( $b ) == 3 ) {
 				$sublink = $b[2];
-			else
+			} else {
 				$sublink = '';
+			}
 
-			if($b[0] == $linkhead && $b[1] == $code) {
+			if ( $b[0] == $linkhead && $b[1] == $code ) {
 				$sublinks[] = $sublink;
 			}
 		}
 
-
 		// parse the mappings in this page
-		$blocks = explode($this->mMarkup['begin'], $txt);
-		array_shift($blocks);
+		$blocks = StringUtils::explode( '-{', $txt );
 		$ret = array();
-		foreach($blocks as $block) {
-			$mappings = explode($this->mMarkup['end'], $block, 2);
-			$stripped = str_replace(array("'", '"', '*','#'), '', $mappings[0]);
-			$table = explode( ';', $stripped );
-			foreach( $table as $t ) {
-				$m = explode( '=>', $t );
-				if( count( $m ) != 2)
+		$first = true;
+		foreach ( $blocks as $block ) {
+			if ( $first ) {
+				// Skip the part before the first -{
+				$first = false;
+				continue;
+			}
+			$mappings = explode( '}-', $block, 2 );
+			$stripped = str_replace( array( "'", '"', '*', '#' ), '',
+									 $mappings[0] );
+			$table = StringUtils::explode( ';', $stripped );
+			foreach ( $table as $t ) {
+				$m = explode( '=>', $t, 3 );
+				if ( count( $m ) != 2 )
 					continue;
 				// trim any trailling comments starting with '//'
-				$tt = explode('//', $m[1], 2);
-				$ret[trim($m[0])] = trim($tt[0]);
+				$tt = explode( '//', $m[1], 2 );
+				$ret[trim( $m[0] )] = trim( $tt[0] );
 			}
 		}
 		$parsed[$key] = true;
 
-
 		// recursively parse the subpages
-		if($recursive) {
-			foreach($sublinks as $link) {
-				$s = $this->parseCachedTable($code, $link, $recursive);
-				$ret = array_merge($ret, $s);
+		if ( $recursive ) {
+			foreach ( $sublinks as $link ) {
+				$s = $this->parseCachedTable( $code, $link, $recursive );
+				$ret = array_merge( $ret, $s );
 			}
 		}
 
-		if ($this->mUcfirst) {
-			foreach ($ret as $k => $v) {
-				$ret[Language::ucfirst($k)] = Language::ucfirst($v);
+		if ( $this->mUcfirst ) {
+			foreach ( $ret as $k => $v ) {
+				$ret[$this->mLangObj->ucfirst( $k )] = $this->mLangObj->ucfirst( $v );
 			}
 		}
 		return $ret;
@@ -817,42 +908,44 @@ class LanguageConverter {
 
 	/**
 	 * Enclose a string with the "no conversion" tag. This is used by
-	 * various functions in the Parser
+	 * various functions in the Parser.
 	 *
-	 * @param string $text text to be tagged for no conversion
-	 * @return string the tagged text
-	 * @public
+	 * @param $text String: text to be tagged for no conversion
+	 * @param $noParse Unused (?)
+	 * @return String: the tagged text
 	 */
-	function markNoConversion($text, $noParse=false) {
+	public function markNoConversion( $text, $noParse = false ) {
 		# don't mark if already marked
-		if(strpos($text, $this->mMarkup['begin']) ||
- 		   strpos($text, $this->mMarkup['end']))
+		if ( strpos( $text, '-{' ) || strpos( $text, '}-' ) ) {
 			return $text;
+		}
 
-		$ret = $this->mMarkup['begin'] .'R|'. $text . $this->mMarkup['end'];
+		$ret = "-{R|$text}-";
 		return $ret;
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * convert the sorting key for category links. this should make different
-	 * keys that are variants of each other map to the same key
+	 * Convert the sorting key for category links. This should make different
+	 * keys that are variants of each other map to the same key.
 	 */
 	function convertCategoryKey( $key ) {
 		return $key;
 	}
+
 	/**
-	 * hook to refresh the cache of conversion tables when
-	 * MediaWiki:conversiontable* is updated
+	 * Hook to refresh the cache of conversion tables when
+	 * MediaWiki:conversiontable* is updated.
 	 * @private
 	 */
-	function OnArticleSaveComplete($article, $user, $text, $summary, $isminor, $iswatch, $section, $flags, $revision) {
+	function OnArticleSaveComplete( $article, $user, $text, $summary, $isminor,
+			$iswatch, $section, $flags, $revision ) {
 		$titleobj = $article->getTitle();
-		if($titleobj->getNamespace() == NS_MEDIAWIKI) {
+		if ( $titleobj->getNamespace() == NS_MEDIAWIKI ) {
 			$title = $titleobj->getDBkey();
-			$t = explode('/', $title, 3);
-			$c = count($t);
-			if( $c > 1 && $t[0] == 'Conversiontable' ) {
-				if(in_array($t[1], $this->mVariants)) {
+			$t = explode( '/', $title, 3 );
+			$c = count( $t );
+			if ( $c > 1 && $t[0] == 'Conversiontable' ) {
+				if ( $this->validateVariant( $t[1] ) ) {
 					$this->reloadTables();
 				}
 			}
@@ -860,30 +953,63 @@ class LanguageConverter {
 		return true;
 	}
 
-	/** 
-	 * Armour rendered math against conversion
-	 * Wrap math into rawoutput -{R| math }- syntax
-	 * @public
+	/**
+	 * Armour rendered math against conversion.
+	 * Wrap math into rawoutput -{R| math }- syntax.
 	 */
- 	function armourMath($text){ 
-		$ret = $this->mMarkup['begin'] . 'R|' . $text . $this->mMarkup['end'];
+	public function armourMath( $text ) {
+		// we need to convert '-{' and '}-' to '-&#123;' and '&#125;-'
+		// to avoid a unwanted '}-' appeared after the math-image.
+		$text = strtr( $text, array( '-{' => '-&#123;', '}-' => '&#125;-' ) );
+		$ret = "-{R|$text}-";
 		return $ret;
 	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Get the cached separator pattern for ConverterRule::parseRules()
+	 */
+	function getVarSeparatorPattern() {
+		if ( is_null( $this->mVarSeparatorPattern ) ) {
+			// varsep_pattern for preg_split:
+			// text should be splited by ";" only if a valid variant
+			// name exist after the markup, for example:
+			//  -{zh-hans:<span style="font-size:120%;">xxx</span>;zh-hant:\
+			//	<span style="font-size:120%;">yyy</span>;}-
+			// we should split it as:
+			//  array(
+			//	  [0] => 'zh-hans:<span style="font-size:120%;">xxx</span>'
+			//	  [1] => 'zh-hant:<span style="font-size:120%;">yyy</span>'
+			//	  [2] => ''
+			//	 )
+			$pat = '/;\s*(?=';
+			foreach ( $this->mVariants as $variant ) {
+				// zh-hans:xxx;zh-hant:yyy
+				$pat .= $variant . '\s*:|';
+				// xxx=>zh-hans:yyy; xxx=>zh-hant:zzz
+				$pat .= '[^;]*?=>\s*' . $variant . '\s*:|';
+			}
+			$pat .= '\s*$)/';
+			$this->mVarSeparatorPattern = $pat;
+		}
+		return $this->mVarSeparatorPattern;
+	}
 }
 
 /**
- * parser for rules of language conversion , parse rules in -{ }- tag
+ * Parser for rules of language conversion , parse rules in -{ }- tag.
  * @ingroup Language
  * @author fdcn <fdcn64@gmail.com>, PhiLiP <philip.npc@gmail.com>
  */
 class ConverterRule {
 	var $mText; // original text in -{text}-
-	var $mConverter; // LanguageConverter object 
-	var $mManualCodeError='<strong class="error">code error!</strong>';
-	var $mRuleDisplay = '',$mRuleTitle=false;
+	var $mConverter; // LanguageConverter object
+	var $mManualCodeError = '<strong class="error">code error!</strong>';
+	var $mRuleDisplay = '';
+	var $mRuleTitle = false;
 	var $mRules = '';// string : the text of the rules
 	var $mRulesAction = 'none';
 	var $mFlags = array();
+	var $mVariantFlags = array();
 	var $mConvTable = array();
 	var $mBidtable = array();// array of the translation in each variant
 	var $mUnidtable = array();// array of the translation in each variant
@@ -891,107 +1017,98 @@ class ConverterRule {
 	/**
 	 * Constructor
 	 *
-	 * @param string $text the text between -{ and }-
-	 * @param object $converter a  LanguageConverter object 
-	 * @access public
+	 * @param $text String: the text between -{ and }-
+	 * @param $converter LanguageConverter object
 	 */
-	function __construct($text,$converter){
+	public function __construct( $text, $converter ) {
 		$this->mText = $text;
-		$this->mConverter=$converter;
-		foreach($converter->mVariants as $v){
-			$this->mConvTable[$v]=array();
-		}
+		$this->mConverter = $converter;
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * check if variants array in convert array
+	 * Check if variants array in convert array.
 	 *
-	 * @param string $variant Variant language code
-	 * @return string Translated text
-	 * @public
+	 * @param $variants Array or string: variant language code
+	 * @return String: translated text
 	 */
-	function getTextInBidtable($variants){
-		if(is_string($variants)){ $variants=array($variants); }
-		if(!is_array($variants)) return false;
-		foreach ($variants as $variant){
-			if(array_key_exists($variant, $this->mBidtable)){
+	public function getTextInBidtable( $variants ) {
+		$variants = (array)$variants;
+		if ( !$variants ) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		foreach ( $variants as $variant ) {
+			if ( isset( $this->mBidtable[$variant] ) ) {
 				return $this->mBidtable[$variant];
 			}
 		}
 		return false;
 	}
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Parse flags with syntax -{FLAG| ... }-
 	 * @private
 	 */
-	function parseFlags(){
+	function parseFlags() {
 		$text = $this->mText;
-		if(strlen($text) < 2 ) {
-			$this->mFlags = array( 'R' );
-			$this->mRules = $text;
-			return;
-		}
-
 		$flags = array();
-		$markup = $this->mConverter->mMarkup;
-		$validFlags = $this->mConverter->mFlags;
-		$variants = $this->mConverter->mVariants;
-
-		$tt = explode($markup['flagsep'], $text, 2);
-		if(count($tt) == 2) {
-			$f = explode($markup['varsep'], $tt[0]);
-			foreach($f as $ff) {
-				$ff = trim($ff);
-				if(array_key_exists($ff, $validFlags) &&
-							!in_array($validFlags[$ff], $flags))
-					$flags[] = $validFlags[$ff];
+		$variantFlags = array();
+
+		$sepPos = strpos( $text, '|' );
+		if ( $sepPos !== false ) {
+			$validFlags = $this->mConverter->mFlags;
+			$f = StringUtils::explode( ';', substr( $text, 0, $sepPos ) );
+			foreach ( $f as $ff ) {
+				$ff = trim( $ff );
+				if ( isset( $validFlags[$ff] ) ) {
+					$flags[$validFlags[$ff]] = true;
+				}
 			}
-			$rules = $tt[1];
-		} else {
-			$rules = $text;
-		}
-
-		//check flags
-		if( in_array('R',$flags) ){
-			$flags = array('R');// remove other flags
-		} elseif ( in_array('N',$flags) ){
-			$flags = array('N');// remove other flags
-		} elseif ( in_array('-',$flags) ){
-			$flags = array('-');// remove other flags
-		} elseif (count($flags)==1 && $flags[0]=='T'){
-			$flags[]='H'; 
-		} elseif ( in_array('H',$flags) ){
+			$text = strval( substr( $text, $sepPos + 1 ) );
+		}
+
+		if ( !$flags ) {
+			$flags['S'] = true;
+		} elseif ( isset( $flags['R'] ) ) {
+			$flags = array( 'R' => true );// remove other flags
+		} elseif ( isset( $flags['N'] ) ) {
+			$flags = array( 'N' => true );// remove other flags
+		} elseif ( isset( $flags['-'] ) ) {
+			$flags = array( '-' => true );// remove other flags
+		} elseif ( count( $flags ) == 1 && isset( $flags['T'] ) ) {
+			$flags['H'] = true;
+		} elseif ( isset( $flags['H'] ) ) {
 			// replace A flag, and remove other flags except T
-			$temp=array('+','H');
-			if(in_array('T',$flags)) $temp[] = 'T';
-			if(in_array('D',$flags)) $temp[] = 'D';
+			$temp = array( '+' => true, 'H' => true );
+			if ( isset( $flags['T'] ) ) {
+				$temp['T'] = true;
+			}
+			if ( isset( $flags['D'] ) ) {
+				$temp['D'] = true;
+			}
 			$flags = $temp;
 		} else {
-			if ( in_array('A',$flags) ) {
-				$flags[]='+';
-				$flags[]='S';
+			if ( isset( $flags['A'] ) ) {
+				$flags['+'] = true;
+				$flags['S'] = true;
 			}
-			if ( in_array('D',$flags) )
-				$flags=array_diff($flags,array('S'));
-			$flags_temp = array();
-			foreach ($variants as $variant) {
-				// try to find flags like "zh-hans", "zh-hant"
-				// allow syntaxes like "-{zh-hans;zh-hant|XXXX}-"
-				if ( in_array($variant, $flags) )
-					$flags_temp[] = $variant;
+			if ( isset( $flags['D'] ) ) {
+				unset( $flags['S'] );
+			}
+			// try to find flags like "zh-hans", "zh-hant"
+			// allow syntaxes like "-{zh-hans;zh-hant|XXXX}-"
+			$variantFlags = array_intersect( array_keys( $flags ), $this->mConverter->mVariants );
+			if ( $variantFlags ) {
+				$variantFlags = array_flip( $variantFlags );
+				$flags = array();
 			}
-			if ( count($flags_temp) !== 0 )
-				$flags = $flags_temp;
 		}
-		if ( count($flags) == 0 )
-			$flags = array('S');
-		$this->mRules=$rules;
-		$this->mFlags=$flags;
+		$this->mVariantFlags = $variantFlags;
+		$this->mRules = $text;
+		$this->mFlags = $flags;
 	}
-	
+
 	/**
-	 * generate conversion table
+	 * Generate conversion table.
 	 * @private
 	 */
 	function parseRules() {
@@ -999,50 +1116,37 @@ class ConverterRule {
 		$flags = $this->mFlags;
 		$bidtable = array();
 		$unidtable = array();
-		$markup = $this->mConverter->mMarkup;
 		$variants = $this->mConverter->mVariants;
+		$varsep_pattern = $this->mConverter->getVarSeparatorPattern();
 
-		// varsep_pattern for preg_split:
-		// text should be splited by ";" only if a valid variant
-		// name exist after the markup, for example:
-		//  -{zh-hans:<span style="font-size:120%;">xxx</span>;zh-hant:<span style="font-size:120%;">yyy</span>;}-
-		// we should split it as:
-		//  array(
-		//        [0] => 'zh-hans:<span style="font-size:120%;">xxx</span>'
-		//        [1] => 'zh-hant:<span style="font-size:120%;">yyy</span>'
-		//        [2] => ''
-		//       )
-		$varsep_pattern = '/' . $markup['varsep'] . '\s*' . '(?=';
-		foreach( $variants as $variant ) {
-			$varsep_pattern .= $variant . '\s*' . $markup['codesep'] . '|'; // zh-hans:xxx;zh-hant:yyy
-			$varsep_pattern .= '[^;]*?' . $markup['unidsep'] . '\s*' . $variant
-							. '\s*' . $markup['codesep'] . '|'; // xxx=>zh-hans:yyy; xxx=>zh-hant:zzz
-		}
-		$varsep_pattern .= '\s*$)/';
-
-		$choice = preg_split($varsep_pattern, $rules);
-
-		foreach( $choice as $c ) {
-			$v  = explode($markup['codesep'], $c, 2);
-			if( count($v) != 2 ) 
-				continue;// syntax error, skip
-			$to = trim($v[1]);
-			$v  = trim($v[0]);
-			$u  = explode($markup['unidsep'], $v);
+		$choice = preg_split( $varsep_pattern, $rules );
+
+		foreach ( $choice as $c ) {
+			$v  = explode( ':', $c, 2 );
+			if ( count( $v ) != 2 ) {
+				// syntax error, skip
+				continue;
+			}
+			$to = trim( $v[1] );
+			$v  = trim( $v[0] );
+			$u  = explode( '=>', $v, 2 );
 			// if $to is empty, strtr() could return a wrong result
-			if( count($u) == 1 && $to && in_array( $v, $variants ) ) {
+			if ( count( $u ) == 1 && $to && in_array( $v, $variants ) ) {
 				$bidtable[$v] = $to;
-			} else if(count($u) == 2){
-				$from = trim($u[0]);
-				$v    = trim($u[1]);
-				if( array_key_exists( $v, $unidtable ) && !is_array( $unidtable[$v] )
-					&& $to && in_array( $v, $variants ) )
-					$unidtable[$v] = array( $from=>$to );
-				elseif ( $to && in_array( $v, $variants ) )
+			} elseif ( count( $u ) == 2 ) {
+				$from = trim( $u[0] );
+				$v	= trim( $u[1] );
+				if ( array_key_exists( $v, $unidtable )
+					 && !is_array( $unidtable[$v] )
+					 && $to
+					 && in_array( $v, $variants ) ) {
+					$unidtable[$v] = array( $from => $to );
+				} elseif ( $to && in_array( $v, $variants ) ) {
 					$unidtable[$v][$from] = $to;
+				}
 			}
 			// syntax error, pass
-			if ( !array_key_exists( $v, $this->mConverter->mVariantNames ) ){
+			if ( !isset( $this->mConverter->mVariantNames[$v] ) ) {
 				$bidtable = array();
 				$unidtable = array();
 				break;
@@ -1055,111 +1159,127 @@ class ConverterRule {
 	/**
 	 * @private
 	 */
-	function getRulesDesc(){
+	function getRulesDesc() {
 		$codesep = $this->mConverter->mDescCodeSep;
 		$varsep = $this->mConverter->mDescVarSep;
-		$text='';
-		foreach($this->mBidtable as $k => $v)
-			$text .= $this->mConverter->mVariantNames[$k]."$codesep$v$varsep";
-		foreach($this->mUnidtable as $k => $a)
-			foreach($a as $from=>$to)
-				$text.=$from.'⇒'.$this->mConverter->mVariantNames[$k]."$codesep$to$varsep";
+		$text = '';
+		foreach ( $this->mBidtable as $k => $v ) {
+			$text .= $this->mConverter->mVariantNames[$k] . "$codesep$v$varsep";
+		}
+		foreach ( $this->mUnidtable as $k => $a ) {
+			foreach ( $a as $from => $to ) {
+				$text .= $from . '⇒' . $this->mConverter->mVariantNames[$k] .
+					"$codesep$to$varsep";
+			}
+		}
 		return $text;
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 *  Parse rules conversion
+	 * Parse rules conversion.
 	 * @private
 	 */
-	function getRuleConvertedStr($variant,$doConvert){
+	function getRuleConvertedStr( $variant ) {
 		$bidtable = $this->mBidtable;
 		$unidtable = $this->mUnidtable;
 
-		if( count($bidtable) + count($unidtable) == 0 ){
+		if ( count( $bidtable ) + count( $unidtable ) == 0 ) {
 			return $this->mRules;
-		} elseif ($doConvert){// the text converted 
+		} else {
 			// display current variant in bidirectional array
-			$disp = $this->getTextInBidtable($variant);
+			$disp = $this->getTextInBidtable( $variant );
 			// or display current variant in fallbacks
-			if(!$disp)
+			if ( !$disp ) {
 				$disp = $this->getTextInBidtable(
-						$this->mConverter->getVariantFallbacks($variant));
+						$this->mConverter->getVariantFallbacks( $variant ) );
+			}
 			// or display current variant in unidirectional array
-			if(!$disp && array_key_exists($variant,$unidtable)){
-				$disp = array_values($unidtable[$variant]);
+			if ( !$disp && array_key_exists( $variant, $unidtable ) ) {
+				$disp = array_values( $unidtable[$variant] );
 				$disp = $disp[0];
 			}
 			// or display frist text under disable manual convert
-			if(!$disp && $this->mConverter->mManualLevel[$variant]=='disable') {
-				if(count($bidtable)>0){
-					$disp = array_values($bidtable);
+			if ( !$disp
+				 && $this->mConverter->mManualLevel[$variant] == 'disable' ) {
+				if ( count( $bidtable ) > 0 ) {
+					$disp = array_values( $bidtable );
 					$disp = $disp[0];
 				} else {
-					$disp = array_values($unidtable);
-					$disp = array_values($disp[0]);
+					$disp = array_values( $unidtable );
+					$disp = array_values( $disp[0] );
 					$disp = $disp[0];
 				}
 			}
 			return $disp;
-		} else {// no convert
-			return $this->mRules;
 		}
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * generate conversion table for all text
+	 * Generate conversion table for all text.
 	 * @private
 	 */
-	function generateConvTable(){
-		$flags = $this->mFlags;
+	function generateConvTable() {
+		// Special case optimisation
+		if ( !$this->mBidtable && !$this->mUnidtable ) {
+			$this->mConvTable = array();
+			return;
+		}
+
 		$bidtable = $this->mBidtable;
 		$unidtable = $this->mUnidtable;
 		$manLevel = $this->mConverter->mManualLevel;
 
-		$vmarked=array();
-		foreach($this->mConverter->mVariants as $v) {
+		$vmarked = array();
+		foreach ( $this->mConverter->mVariants as $v ) {
 			/* for bidirectional array
 				fill in the missing variants, if any,
 				with fallbacks */
-			if(!array_key_exists($v, $bidtable)) {
-				$variantFallbacks = $this->mConverter->getVariantFallbacks($v);
-				$vf = $this->getTextInBidtable($variantFallbacks);
-				if($vf) $bidtable[$v] = $vf;
+			if ( !isset( $bidtable[$v] ) ) {
+				$variantFallbacks =
+					$this->mConverter->getVariantFallbacks( $v );
+				$vf = $this->getTextInBidtable( $variantFallbacks );
+				if ( $vf ) {
+					$bidtable[$v] = $vf;
+				}
 			}
 
-			if(array_key_exists($v,$bidtable)){
-				foreach($vmarked as $vo){
-					// use syntax: -{A|zh:WordZh;zh-tw:WordTw}- 
-					// or -{H|zh:WordZh;zh-tw:WordTw}- or -{-|zh:WordZh;zh-tw:WordTw}-
+			if ( isset( $bidtable[$v] ) ) {
+				foreach ( $vmarked as $vo ) {
+					// use syntax: -{A|zh:WordZh;zh-tw:WordTw}-
+					// or -{H|zh:WordZh;zh-tw:WordTw}-
+					// or -{-|zh:WordZh;zh-tw:WordTw}-
 					// to introduce a custom mapping between
-					// words WordZh and WordTw in the whole text 
-					if($manLevel[$v]=='bidirectional'){
-						$this->mConvTable[$v][$bidtable[$vo]]=$bidtable[$v];
+					// words WordZh and WordTw in the whole text
+					if ( $manLevel[$v] == 'bidirectional' ) {
+						$this->mConvTable[$v][$bidtable[$vo]] = $bidtable[$v];
 					}
-					if($manLevel[$vo]=='bidirectional'){
-						$this->mConvTable[$vo][$bidtable[$v]]=$bidtable[$vo];
+					if ( $manLevel[$vo] == 'bidirectional' ) {
+						$this->mConvTable[$vo][$bidtable[$v]] = $bidtable[$vo];
 					}
 				}
-				$vmarked[]=$v;
+				$vmarked[] = $v;
 			}
-			/*for unidirectional array
-				fill to convert tables */
-			$allow_unid = $manLevel[$v]=='bidirectional' 
-					|| $manLevel[$v]=='unidirectional';
-			if($allow_unid && array_key_exists($v,$unidtable)){
-				$ct=$this->mConvTable[$v];
-				$this->mConvTable[$v] = array_merge($ct,$unidtable[$v]);
+			/*for unidirectional array fill to convert tables */
+			if ( ( $manLevel[$v] == 'bidirectional' || $manLevel[$v] == 'unidirectional' )
+				&& isset( $unidtable[$v] ) )
+			{
+				if ( isset( $this->mConvTable[$v] ) ) {
+					$this->mConvTable[$v] = array_merge( $this->mConvTable[$v], $unidtable[$v] );
+				} else {
+					$this->mConvTable[$v] = $unidtable[$v];
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Parse rules and flags
+	 * Parse rules and flags.
 	 * @public
 	 */
-	function parse($variant){
-		if(!$variant)
+	function parse( $variant = NULL ) {
+		if ( !$variant ) {
 			$variant = $this->mConverter->getPreferredVariant();
+		}
 
 		$variants = $this->mConverter->mVariants;
 		$this->parseFlags();
@@ -1167,125 +1287,151 @@ class ConverterRule {
 
 		// convert to specified variant
 		// syntax: -{zh-hans;zh-hant[;...]|<text to convert>}-
-		if( count( array_diff( $flags, $variants ) ) == 0 and count( $flags ) != 0 ) {
-			if ( in_array( $variant, $flags ) ) // check if current variant in flags
+		if ( $this->mVariantFlags ) {
+			// check if current variant in flags
+			if ( isset( $this->mVariantFlags[$variant] ) ) {
 				// then convert <text to convert> to current language
-				$this->mRules = $this->mConverter->autoConvert( $this->mRules, $variant );
-			else { // if current variant no in flags,
+				$this->mRules = $this->mConverter->autoConvert( $this->mRules,
+																$variant );
+			} else { // if current variant no in flags,
 				   // then we check its fallback variants.
-				$variantFallbacks = $this->mConverter->getVariantFallbacks($variant);
+				$variantFallbacks =
+					$this->mConverter->getVariantFallbacks( $variant );
 				foreach ( $variantFallbacks as $variantFallback ) {
 					// if current variant's fallback exist in flags
-					if ( in_array( $variantFallback, $flags ) ) {
+					if ( isset( $this->mVariantFlags[$variantFallback] ) ) {
 						// then convert <text to convert> to fallback language
-						$this->mRules = $this->mConverter->autoConvert( $this->mRules, $variantFallback );
+						$this->mRules =
+							$this->mConverter->autoConvert( $this->mRules,
+															$variantFallback );
 						break;
 					}
 				}
 			}
-			$this->mFlags = $flags = array('R');
+			$this->mFlags = $flags = array( 'R' => true );
 		}
 
-		if( !in_array( 'R', $flags ) || !in_array( 'N', $flags ) ) {
-			// decode => HTML entities modified by Sanitizer::removeHTMLtags 
-			$this->mRules = str_replace('=&gt;','=>',$this->mRules);
-
+		if ( !isset( $flags['R'] ) && !isset( $flags['N'] ) ) {
+			// decode => HTML entities modified by Sanitizer::removeHTMLtags
+			$this->mRules = str_replace( '=&gt;', '=>', $this->mRules );
 			$this->parseRules();
 		}
 		$rules = $this->mRules;
 
-		if( count( $this->mBidtable ) == 0 && count( $this->mUnidtable ) == 0 ){
-			if(in_array('+',$flags) || in_array('-',$flags))
+		if ( !$this->mBidtable && !$this->mUnidtable ) {
+			if ( isset( $flags['+'] ) || isset( $flags['-'] ) ) {
 				// fill all variants if text in -{A/H/-|text} without rules
-				foreach($this->mConverter->mVariants as $v)
+				foreach ( $this->mConverter->mVariants as $v ) {
 					$this->mBidtable[$v] = $rules;
-			elseif (!in_array('N',$flags) && !in_array('T',$flags) )
-				$this->mFlags = $flags = array('R');
-		}
-
-		if( in_array('R',$flags) ) {
-			// if we don't do content convert, still strip the -{}- tags
-			$this->mRuleDisplay = $rules;
-		} elseif ( in_array('N',$flags) ){
-			// proces N flag: output current variant name
-			$this->mRuleDisplay = $this->mConverter->mVariantNames[trim($rules)];
-		} elseif ( in_array('D',$flags) ){
-			// proces D flag: output rules description
-			$this->mRuleDisplay = $this->getRulesDesc();
-		} elseif ( in_array('H',$flags) || in_array('-',$flags) ) {
-			// proces H,- flag or T only: output nothing
-			$this->mRuleDisplay = '';
-		} elseif ( in_array('S',$flags) ){
-			$this->mRuleDisplay = $this->getRuleConvertedStr($variant,
-							$this->mConverter->mDoContentConvert);
-		} else {
-			$this->mRuleDisplay= $this->mManualCodeError;
+				}
+			} elseif ( !isset( $flags['N'] ) && !isset( $flags['T'] ) ) {
+				$this->mFlags = $flags = array( 'R' => true );
+			}
+		}
+
+		$this->mRuleDisplay = false;
+		foreach ( $flags as $flag => $unused ) {
+			switch ( $flag ) {
+				case 'R':
+					// if we don't do content convert, still strip the -{}- tags
+					$this->mRuleDisplay = $rules;
+					break;
+				case 'N':
+					// process N flag: output current variant name
+					$ruleVar = trim( $rules );
+					if ( isset( $this->mConverter->mVariantNames[$ruleVar] ) ) {
+						$this->mRuleDisplay = $this->mConverter->mVariantNames[$ruleVar];
+					} else {
+						$this->mRuleDisplay = '';
+					}
+					break;
+				case 'D':
+					// process D flag: output rules description
+					$this->mRuleDisplay = $this->getRulesDesc();
+					break;
+				case 'H':
+					// process H,- flag or T only: output nothing
+					$this->mRuleDisplay = '';
+					break;
+				case '-':
+					$this->mRulesAction = 'remove';
+					$this->mRuleDisplay = '';
+					break;
+				case '+':
+					$this->mRulesAction = 'add';
+					$this->mRuleDisplay = '';
+					break;
+				case 'S':
+					$this->mRuleDisplay = $this->getRuleConvertedStr( $variant );
+					break;
+				case 'T':
+					$this->mRuleTitle = $this->getRuleConvertedStr( $variant );
+					$this->mRuleDisplay = '';
+					break;
+				default:
+					// ignore unknown flags (but see error case below)
+			}
 		}
-		// proces T flag
-		if ( in_array('T',$flags) ) {
-			$this->mRuleTitle = $this->getRuleConvertedStr($variant,
-							$this->mConverter->mDoTitleConvert);
+		if ( $this->mRuleDisplay === false ) {
+			$this->mRuleDisplay = $this->mManualCodeError;
 		}
 
-		if (in_array('-', $flags))
-			$this->mRulesAction='remove';
-		if (in_array('+', $flags))
-			$this->mRulesAction='add';
-		
 		$this->generateConvTable();
 	}
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * @public
 	 */
-	function hasRules(){
+	function hasRules() {
 		// TODO:
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * get display text on markup -{...}-
+	 * Get display text on markup -{...}-
 	 * @public
 	 */
-	function getDisplay(){
+	function getDisplay() {
 		return $this->mRuleDisplay;
 	}
+
 	/**
-	 * get converted title
+	 * Get converted title.
 	 * @public
 	 */
-	function getTitle(){
+	function getTitle() {
 		return $this->mRuleTitle;
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * return how deal with conversion rules
+	 * Return how deal with conversion rules.
 	 * @public
 	 */
-	function getRulesAction(){
+	function getRulesAction() {
 		return $this->mRulesAction;
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * get conversion table ( bidirectional and unidirectional conversion table )
+	 * Get conversion table. ( bidirectional and unidirectional
+	 * conversion table )
 	 * @public
 	 */
-	function getConvTable(){
+	function getConvTable() {
 		return $this->mConvTable;
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * get conversion rules string
+	 * Get conversion rules string.
 	 * @public
 	 */
-	function getRules(){
+	function getRules() {
 		return $this->mRules;
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * get conversion flags
+	 * Get conversion flags.
 	 * @public
 	 */
-	function getFlags(){
+	function getFlags() {
 		return $this->mFlags;
 	}
 }